PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127971 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of North America		Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Silurian of England		Ordovician of North America						Permian of China	Carboniferous of China	Permian of the Salt Range
Triassic	Early Triassic	Induan														Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Melekhovian									Meishanian		Kathwai	251.902
																	252.4 *
																Chhidru	252.9 *
														Baoqingian			253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian												Laoshanian			254.14
																Kalabagh	255 *
																Wargal	256 *
														Laibinian			257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Capitanian											Lengwuan			259.51
		Wordian	Wordian											Kuhfengian			264.28
					Noginskian												264.9 *
																	265.3 *
																Amb	266.1 *
		Roadian	Roadian													Amb	266.9
		Roadian	Roadian														270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Leonardian	Cathedralian										Luodianian			273.01
				Cathedralian	Pavlovoposadian												276.8 *
				Hessian													281.9 *
		Artinskian															283.5
														Longlinian			285.4 *
			Wolfcampian	Lenoxian													286.1 *
					Rusavkinian												287.6 *
		Sakmarian															290.1
		Asselian		Nealian										Zisongian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian															298.9
															Xiaodushanian		300 *
																	300.1
		Kasimovian			Dorogomilovian												303.7
					Khamovnikian												304.8
					Krevyakinian										Dalaun		305.8 *
		Moscovian			Myachkovian												307
					Podolskian												308.9 *
					Kashirian												311.4 *
					Vereian												313.8
					Melekessian												314.8
		Bashkirian			Melekessian												315.2
					Cheremshanian												316.9 *
					Cheremshanian										Huashibanian		318.5 *
					Prikamian												318.6 *
					Severokeltmian												319.9 *
					Krasnopolyanian										Lousuan		321.2 *
					Voznesenian										Lousuan		321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Zapaltjubian										Dewunian		323.2
					Protvian												324.4 *
					Steshevian												326.8 *
					Tarusian												329 *
					Tarusian										Shangsian		330.8 *
		Visean			Venevian												330.9
					Mikhailovian												331.9 *
					Aleksinian												333.7 *
					Aleksinian										Jiusian		335 *
					Tulian												335.8 *
					Bobrikian												339.9 *
					Radaevkian												343.4 *
		Tournaisian			Kosvian										Tangbagouan		346.7
					Kizelian												350.7 *
					Cherepetian												351.9 *
					Karakubian												354.4 *
					Upinian												356.3 *
					Malevkian												357.6 *
					Gumerovian												358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian															358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian															372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
	Pridoli					Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian						425.6
		Gorstian					Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian					Buildwas	427.4
		Homerian				Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Telychian						436.3 *
		Aeronian						438.5
		Aeronian				Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
		Rhuddanian				Cowleigh Park		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian							Gamachian	445.2
									Richmondian	446 *
									Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
									Edenian		450.4 *
								Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
		Sandbian							Chatfieldian		453
			Turinian	453.7 *
			Whiterockian					Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
		Dapingian								467.3
		Dapingian		Rangerian						469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian	Blackhillsian					Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian		Tulean							473.9 *
		Tremadocian		Tulean							477.7
				Stairsian							480.3 *
				Skullrockian						Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Skullrockian							Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10										Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian										Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian										Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian										Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian									Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan									Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan									Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4									Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3									Dyeran		514
											Montezuman		514.8 *
											Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
																	538.8