PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of North America		Devonian of France	Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian of China	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Carboniferous Subepochs	Devonian of Germany
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								Wanganui	Haweran			0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
		Chibanian												0.129
		Chibanian									Castlecliffian			0.34
		Calabrian									Castlecliffian			0.774
		Calabrian									Nukumaruan			1.63
		Gelasian									Nukumaruan			1.8
		Gelasian									Mangapanian			2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Mangapanian			2.58
		Piacenzian									Waipipian			3
		Zanclean									Waipipian			3.6
		Zanclean									Opoitian			3.7
	Miocene	Messinian								Taranaki	Kapitean			5.333
		Messinian									Tongaporutuan			7.2
		Tortonian									Tongaporutuan			7.246
		Tortonian								Southland	Waiauan			11.04
		Serravallian									Waiauan			11.63
		Serravallian									Lillburnian			13.05
		Langhian									Lillburnian			13.82
											Clifdenian			15.1
										Pareora	Altonian			15.9
		Burdigalian									Altonian			15.98
		Burdigalian									Otaian			18.7
		Aquitanian									Otaian			20.44
		Aquitanian								Landon	Waitakian			21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									Waitakian			23.03
											Duntroonian			25.2
											Whaingaroan			27.3
		Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
										Arnold	Runangan			34.6
											Kaiatan			36.7
		Bartonian									Kaiatan			37.71
		Bartonian									Bortonian			39.1
		Lutetian									Bortonian			41.2
										Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
											Heretaungan			45.7
		Ypresian									Heretaungan			47.8
											Mangaorapan			48.9
											Waipawan			52
	Paleocene	Thanetian									Teurian			56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Lancian/Edmontonian	Mata	Haumurian			66
		Campanian							Judithian/Aquilan		Haumurian			72.1
		Santonian									Piripauan			83.6
		Santonian								Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
											Mangaotanean			90.5
											Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian									Arowhanan			93.9
										Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
											Motuan			99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									Motuan			100.5
											Urutawan			103.3
										Taitai	Korangan			108.4
		Aptian									Korangan			113
		Aptian												117.5
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Meishanian	251.902
		Changhsingian		Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian		Laoshanian	254.14
				Laoshanian	Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
				Laibinian		Vyatkian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Capitanian		Severodvinian	Lengwuan	259.51
		Wordian		Wordian		Urzhumian	Kuhfengian	264.28
		Roadian		Roadian	Kazanian	Povolzhian		266.9
		Roadian		Roadian	Kazanian	Sokian		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Leonardian	Cathedralian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	Luodianian		273.01
							Filipovian			276.5 *
							Saraninian			280.1 *
					Hessian		Saraninian			281.9 *
		Artinskian				Artinskian	Sarginian			283.5
							Sarginian	Longlinian		285.4 *
							Irginian			285.9 *
				Wolfcampian	Lenoxian		Irginian			286.1 *
							Burtsevian			287.8 *
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian			290.1
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Tastubian			291.7 *
		Asselian			Nealian	Asselian	Shikhanian	Zisongian		293.52
							Uskalykian			294.8
							Surenian			297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								Late Pennsylvanian		298.9
		Gzhelian										300.1
		Kasimovian										303.7
		Moscovian								Middle Pennsylvanian		307
		Bashkirian								Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean							Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian							Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							Famennian			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							Frasnian			Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							Givetian			Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							Couvinien			Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian										Emsian	393.3
		Pragian										Siegen	407.6
		Pragian							Coblencien			Siegen	408.2 *
		Lochkovian							Gedinnine			Gedinnine	410.8
														419.2