PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of North America		Permian of China	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cambrian of Siberia			Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Central Paratethys Stages	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Nihewanian								0.0117
		Chibanian												0.129
		Calabrian												0.774
		Gelasian												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Yushean						Tertiary †		2.58
		Zanclean				Yushean								3.6
		Zanclean				Baodean								4.9
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian									Pannonian			7.246
		Tortonian				Tunggurian					Pannonian			11.1
		Serravallian									Sarmatian			11.63
		Serravallian									Badenian			12.8 *
		Langhian				Shanwangian								13.82
		Burdigalian				Shanwangian								15.98
		Burdigalian				Xiejiaan								16.9
		Aquitanian				Xiejiaan								20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
		Bartonian												37.71
		Lutetian												41.2
		Ypresian												47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian												56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Meishanian									251.902
		Changhsingian			Baoqingian									253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian			Laoshanian								Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Laibinian								Longtanian †	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Capitanian		Lengwuan									259.51
		Wordian	Wordian		Kuhfengian									264.28
		Roadian	Roadian		Kuhfengian									266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Leonardian	Cathedralian	Luodianian									273.01
		Kungurian		Hessian										281.9 *
		Artinskian					283.5
					Longlinian		285.4 *
			Wolfcampian	Lenoxian			286.1 *
		Sakmarian		Lenoxian			290.1
		Asselian		Nealian	Zisongian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Zisongian		298.9
		Gzhelian					300.1
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian				445.2
		Sandbian				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
		Tremadocian				Ungurian	477.7
		Tremadocian				Ungurian	Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Batyrbaian	485.4
		Jiangshanian				Batyrbaian			Batyrbaian	489.5
						Aksaian			Aksaian	490.7 *
						Sakian			Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian								494
		Paibian						Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Ayusokkanian			Ayusokkanian	Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian				Mayan/Menevian					499.5
		Drumian							Zhanaarykian		500.5
		Drumian							Tuesaian		503
		Wuliuan				Amgan/Solvan			Tuesaian		Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan									Stage 5 †	505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4										509
						Toyonian	Lenian †		Toyonian			510 *
						Botomian			Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3				Botomian			Botomian			514
		Stage 3				Atdabanian			Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian			Tommotian			521
		Stage 2				Nemakit-Daldynian						525.5
		Fortunian				Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †					529
														538.8