PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of North America		Permian of China	Cambrian of Britain		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Ammonite Chrons of North America			Obsolete Names for ICS Units		Permian of the Salt Range
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																5.333
		Tortonian																7.246
		Serravallian																11.63
		Langhian																13.82
		Burdigalian																15.98
		Aquitanian																20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																33.9
		Bartonian																37.71
		Lutetian																41.2
		Ypresian																47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																56
		Selandian																59.2
		Danian																61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
		Campanian																72.1
		Santonian																83.6
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
		Cenomanian																93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
		Aptian																113
		Barremian																121.4
		Hauterivian																125.77
		Valanginian																132.6
		Berriasian																139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
		Kimmeridgian																149.2
		Oxfordian																154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
		Bathonian																165.3
		Bajocian										Epizigzagiceras						168.2
		Bajocian										Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense						168.4
		Aalenian										Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta						174.7
												Planulata						179.3 *
												Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi				179.8 *
												Kanense						181.3 *
												Carlottense						182.3 *
												Kunae						183.5 *
		Pliensbachian										Kunae						184.2
												Freboldi						185.1 *
												Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras					186.2 *
													Tetraspidoceras					189.2 *
												Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis					190.3 *
		Sinemurian																192.9
												Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras				196.4 *
												Franziceras/Euphyllites						196.5 *
		Hettangian										Franziceras/Euphyllites						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
		Norian																208.5
		Carnian																227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																247.2
		Induan																251.2
		Induan															Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Meishanian												Kathwai	251.902
																		252.4 *
																	Chhidru	252.9 *
					Baoqingian													253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian	Longtanian †	254.14
					Kalabagh	255 *
					Wargal	256 *
			Laibinian			257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Capitanian	Lengwuan			259.51
		Wordian	Wordian	Kuhfengian			264.28
							265.3 *
					Amb		266.1 *
		Roadian	Roadian		Amb		266.9
		Roadian	Roadian				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Leonardian	Cathedralian			Luodianian	273.01
		Kungurian		Hessian				281.9 *
		Artinskian						283.5
							Longlinian	285.4 *
			Wolfcampian	Lenoxian				286.1 *
		Sakmarian		Lenoxian				290.1
		Asselian		Nealian			Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Zisongian	298.9
		Gzhelian						300.1
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian						Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Kosovian	443.8
		Katian							Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian							Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian									453
											Zahorany †/Vinice				Letna †	456.2 *
										Liben †						458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian														458.4
									Dobrotivian							458.5 *
									Oretanian							459.7 *
										Sarka †					461.7 *
		Dapingian								Klabava †					467.3
		Dapingian							Arenigian			468
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Arenigian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Merioneth			Dolgellian/Trempealeauan			485.4
		Stage 10										Festiniogian			489.2 *
		Jiangshanian										Festiniogian			489.5
		Jiangshanian										Maentwrogian			493.1 *
		Paibian										Maentwrogian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							St Davids						Series 3 †	497
		Drumian														500.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †										504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Caerfai										509
	Series 2	Stage 3														514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2														521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian														529
																		538.8