PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of North America		Ammonite Chrons of North America			Ordovician of North America						Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan												Wanganui	Haweran	0
				Northgrippian														0.0042
				Greenlandian														0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
				Chibanian														0.129
				Chibanian													Castlecliffian	0.34
				Calabrian													Castlecliffian	0.774
				Calabrian													Nukumaruan	1.63
				Gelasian													Nukumaruan	1.8
				Gelasian													Mangapanian	2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													Mangapanian	2.58
				Piacenzian													Waipipian	3
				Zanclean													Waipipian	3.6
				Zanclean													Opoitian	3.7
			Miocene	Messinian												Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
				Messinian													Tongaporutuan	7.2
				Tortonian													Tongaporutuan	7.246
				Tortonian												Southland	Waiauan	11.04
				Serravallian													Waiauan	11.63
				Serravallian													Lillburnian	13.05
				Langhian													Lillburnian	13.82
																	Clifdenian	15.1
																Pareora	Altonian	15.9
				Burdigalian													Altonian	15.98
				Burdigalian													Otaian	18.7
				Aquitanian													Otaian	20.44
				Aquitanian												Landon	Waitakian	21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													Waitakian	23.03
																	Duntroonian	25.2
																	Whaingaroan	27.3
				Rupelian														27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
																Arnold	Runangan	34.6
																	Kaiatan	36.7
				Bartonian													Kaiatan	37.71
				Bartonian													Bortonian	39.1
				Lutetian													Bortonian	41.2
																Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
																	Heretaungan	45.7
				Ypresian													Heretaungan	47.8
																	Mangaorapan	48.9
																	Waipawan	52
			Paleocene	Thanetian													Teurian	56
				Selandian														59.2
				Danian														61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												Mata	Haumurian	66
				Campanian													Haumurian	72.1
				Santonian													Piripauan	83.6
				Santonian												Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
																	Mangaotanean	90.5
																	Arowhanan	93.7
				Cenomanian													Arowhanan	93.9
																Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
																	Motuan	99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian													Motuan	100.5
																	Urutawan	103.3
																Taitai	Korangan	108.4
				Aptian													Korangan	113
				Aptian														117.5
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		Epizigzagiceras	168.2
			Bajocian		Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
			Aalenian		Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
					Planulata	179.3 *
					Planulata	Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
					Kanense		181.3 *
					Carlottense		182.3 *
					Kunae		183.5 *
			Pliensbachian		Kunae		184.2
					Freboldi		185.1 *
					Whiteavesi/Imlayi		Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
							Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
					Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras		Canadensis	190.3 *
			Sinemurian					192.9
					Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras		196.4 *
					Franziceras/Euphyllites			196.5 *
			Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites			199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
			Norian					208.5
			Carnian					227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan					251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian					Capitanian	259.51
			Wordian					Wordian	264.28
			Roadian					Roadian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian					Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
			Kungurian						Hessian	281.9 *
			Artinskian						Hessian	283.5
			Artinskian					Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
			Sakmarian						Lenoxian	290.1
			Asselian						Nealian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
			Kasimovian							303.7
			Moscovian							307
			Bashkirian							315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian							323.2
			Visean							330.9
			Tournaisian							346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
			Pragian							407.6
			Lochkovian							410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
			Rhuddanian							440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
			Katian	445.2							Gamachian
				Richmondian							446 *
				Maysvillian							Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
				Edenian								450.4 *
				Mohawkian						Chatfieldian		451.1 *
			Sandbian							Chatfieldian		453
										Turinian		453.7 *
				Whiterockian							Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
			Dapingian										467.3
			Dapingian							Rangerian			469.1 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian						Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
			Floian							Tulean				473.9 *
			Tremadocian							Tulean				Ungurian	477.7
										Stairsian					480.3 *
										Skullrockian			Demingian †		482 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Skullrockian				Batyrbaian	485.4
			Stage 10												487.5
			Jiangshanian												489.5
														Aksaian	490.7 *
														Sakian	492.2 *
			Paibian				494							Sakian
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Ayusokkanian							497
			Guzhangian			499.5
			Drumian		Zhanaarykian	500.5
			Drumian		Tuesaian	503
			Wuliuan		Tuesaian	504.5
			Wuliuan			505.3
		Series 2	Stage 4			509
					Toyonian	510 *
Botomian					512.5 *
Botomian			Stage 3		514
Atdabanian			Stage 3		515.6 *
Terreneuvian		Stage 2	Tommotian		521
		Stage 2			525.5
		Fortunian			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran					Vendian							538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian					Karatau							800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian					Karatau							1000
		Stenian					Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian					Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian					Burzyan	1375
																		1400