PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127083 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of North America		Ten Million Year Bins	Silurian of the Baltic	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Ordovician of Australia	Cambrian of Britain		Permian of the Pamirs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Cambrian of China	Precambrian of Russia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Cenozoic 6											0
				Northgrippian														0.0042
				Greenlandian														0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
				Chibanian														0.129
				Calabrian														0.774
				Gelasian														1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian														2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
			Miocene	Messinian														5.333
				Tortonian														7.246
				Serravallian			Cenozoic 5											11.63
				Langhian														13.82
				Burdigalian														15.98
				Aquitanian														20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Cenozoic 4											23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian			Cenozoic 4											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian			Cenozoic 3											33.9
				Bartonian			Cenozoic 3											37.71
				Lutetian			Cenozoic 2											41.2
				Ypresian			Cenozoic 2											47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Cenozoic 1											56
				Selandian														59.2
				Danian														61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Cretaceous 8											66
				Campanian			Cretaceous 7											72.1
				Santonian			Cretaceous 6											83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian			Cretaceous 5											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian			Cretaceous 4											100.5
				Aptian			Cretaceous 3											113
				Barremian			Cretaceous 2											121.4
				Hauterivian			Cretaceous 2											125.77
				Valanginian			Cretaceous 1											132.6
				Berriasian			Cretaceous 1											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Jurassic 6											145
				Kimmeridgian			Jurassic 5											149.2
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Bathonian			Jurassic 4											165.3
				Bajocian			Jurassic 4											168.2
				Aalenian			Jurassic 3											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Jurassic 3											174.7
				Pliensbachian			Jurassic 2											184.2
				Sinemurian			Jurassic 1											192.9
				Hettangian			Jurassic 1											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Triassic 4											201.4
				Norian			Triassic 4											208.5
				Carnian			Triassic 3											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Triassic 2											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian			Triassic 2											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian			Triassic 1											247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan			Triassic 1											251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Permian 4						Dorashamian					251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian									Dzhulfian					254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Capitanian								Midian					259.51
				Wordian	Wordian								Midian					264.28
				Wordian	Wordian								Murgabian					266.2 *
				Roadian	Roadian		Permian 3						Murgabian					266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian	Leonardian	Cathedralian	Permian 2						Kubergandian					273.01
						Cathedralian							Bolorian					279.8
						Hessian												281.9 *
				Artinskian														283.5
Yakhtashian								286
Yakhtashian					Wolfcampian	Lenoxian		286.1 *
Sakmarian				Sakmarian		Lenoxian		290.1
Asselian				Nealian		Permian 1	Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Carboniferous 5		298.9
			Kasimovian			Carboniferous 5		303.7
			Moscovian			Carboniferous 4		307
			Bashkirian			Carboniferous 4		315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Carboniferous 3		323.2
			Visean			Carboniferous 2		330.9
			Tournaisian			Carboniferous 1		346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			Devonian 5		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			Devonian 4		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Devonian 3		Srbsko	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Devonian 3		Chotec	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Devonian 2		Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
			Pragian			Devonian 1		Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian			Devonian 1		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli				Silurian 2		Ohesaare		419.2
		Pridoli						Kaugetuma		421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare		423
			Ludfordian					Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian					Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula		427.4
			Homerian					Jaagarahu		429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu		430.5
			Sheinwoodian					Jaani		431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian			Silurian 1		Jaani		433.4
			Telychian					Adavere		434 *
			Aeronian					Adavere		438.5
			Aeronian					Raikkula		439.4 *
			Rhuddanian					Raikkula		440.8
			Rhuddanian					Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ordovician 5				Bolindian	443.8
			Katian							Bolindian	445.2
										Eastonian	449 *
										Gisbornian	452 *
			Sandbian			Ordovician 4				Gisbornian	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Ordovician 3				Darriwilian	458.4
			Dapingian			Ordovician 2				Yapeenian	467.3
			Dapingian							Castlemainian	468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian							Chewtonian	470
										Bendigonian	471.8 *
										Lancefieldian	473.5 *
			Tremadocian			Ordovician 1				Lancefieldian	477.7
			Tremadocian			Ordovician 1				Warendian	482.8 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10			Cambrian 5					Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
			Stage 10									Festiniogian	Niuchehean		489.2 *
			Jiangshanian									Festiniogian	Jiangshanian		489.5
			Jiangshanian									Maentwrogian	Jiangshanian		493.1 *
			Paibian										Paibian		494
			Paibian										Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Cambrian 4					St Davids		Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
			Drumian			Cambrian 4							Drumian	Wangcunian †	500.5
	Wuliuan		Cambrian 3			Wuliuan/Taijangian								504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3			Caerfai					Duyunian			509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2								Nangaoian			514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2								Meishucunian			521
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1								Meishucunian			529
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1								Jinnigian			530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian †	Poundian †	Vendian	538.8
		Ediacaran													Vendian †	Wonokan †	Vendian	571.7 *
		Cryogenian																635
		Tonian																720
		Tonian															Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian															Karatau	1000
		Stenian															Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian															Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian		Burzyan	1375
																		1400