PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of North America		Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of the Russian Platform		Cambrian of Britain		Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of Britain				Carboniferous of China	Cambrian of Siberia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Cenozoic 6												0
				Northgrippian															0.0042
				Greenlandian															0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Late Pleistocene							0.0117
				Chibanian								Middle Pleistocene							0.129
				Calabrian								Early Pleistocene							0.774
				Gelasian								Early Pleistocene							1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Late Pliocene							2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean								Early Pliocene							3.6
			Miocene	Messinian								Late Miocene							5.333
				Tortonian								Late Miocene							7.246
				Serravallian			Cenozoic 5					Middle Miocene							11.63
				Langhian								Middle Miocene							13.82
				Burdigalian								Early Miocene							15.98
				Aquitanian								Early Miocene							20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Cenozoic 4					Late Oligocene							23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian			Cenozoic 4					Early Oligocene							27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian			Cenozoic 3					Late Eocene							33.9
				Bartonian			Cenozoic 3					Middle Eocene							37.71
				Lutetian			Cenozoic 2					Middle Eocene							41.2
				Ypresian			Cenozoic 2					Early Eocene							47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Cenozoic 1					Late Paleocene							56
				Selandian								Middle Paleocene							59.2
				Danian								Early Paleocene							61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Cretaceous 8												66
				Campanian			Cretaceous 7												72.1
				Santonian			Cretaceous 6												83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian			Cretaceous 5												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian			Cretaceous 4												100.5
				Aptian			Cretaceous 3												113
				Barremian			Cretaceous 2												121.4
				Hauterivian			Cretaceous 2												125.77
				Valanginian			Cretaceous 1												132.6
				Berriasian			Cretaceous 1												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Jurassic 6												145
				Kimmeridgian			Jurassic 5												149.2
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Bathonian			Jurassic 4												165.3
				Bajocian			Jurassic 4												168.2
				Aalenian			Jurassic 3												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Jurassic 3												174.7
				Pliensbachian			Jurassic 2												184.2
				Sinemurian			Jurassic 1												192.9
				Hettangian			Jurassic 1												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Triassic 4												201.4
				Norian			Triassic 4												208.5
				Carnian			Triassic 3												227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Triassic 2												237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian			Triassic 2												242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian			Triassic 1												247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan			Triassic 1												251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Permian 4												251.902
				Wuchiapingian															254.14
				Wuchiapingian				Tatarian	Vyatkian										256.8 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Capitanian				Severodvinian										259.51
				Wordian	Wordian				Urzhumian										264.28
				Roadian	Roadian		Permian 3	Kazanian	Povolzhian										266.9
				Roadian	Roadian		Permian 3	Kazanian	Sokian										270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian	Leonardian	Cathedralian	Permian 2	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian										273.01
									Filipovian										276.5 *
									Saraninian										280.1 *
Hessian						281.9 *			Saraninian
				Artinskian		Artinskian		Sarginian	283.5
								Irginian	285.9 *
Wolfcampian					Lenoxian			Irginian	286.1 *
								Burtsevian	287.8 *
				Sakmarian		Sakmarian		Sterlitamakian	290.1
				Sakmarian		Sakmarian		Tastubian	291.7 *
				Asselian	Nealian	Permian 1	Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
								Uskalykian	294.8
								Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Carboniferous 5			298.9
			Gzhelian						Xiaodushanian	300 *
			Kasimovian						Xiaodushanian	303.7
			Kasimovian						Dalaun	305.8 *
			Moscovian			Carboniferous 4				307
			Bashkirian							315.2
									Huashibanian	318.5 *
									Lousuan	321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Carboniferous 3			Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian			Carboniferous 3			Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean			Carboniferous 2			Shangsian	330.9
			Visean			Carboniferous 2			Jiusian	335 *
			Tournaisian			Carboniferous 1			Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			Devonian 5				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			Devonian 4				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Devonian 3				382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Devonian 3				387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Devonian 2				393.3
			Pragian			Devonian 1				407.6
			Lochkovian			Devonian 1				410.8
Silurian		Pridoli				Silurian 2				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			Silurian 1				433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
			Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ordovician 5				Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian								Rawtheyan	445.2
											Cautleyan	448.9 *
											Pusgillian	449.3 *
										Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
											Cheneyan		451.5 *
											Burrellian		452.7 *
			Sandbian			Ordovician 4							453
												Actonian †	453.2 *
												Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
												Longvillian †		455.2 *
											Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
											Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Ordovician 3				Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
			Darriwilian			Ordovician 3					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
			Dapingian			Ordovician 2					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
	Arenig		Dapingian							Fennian	468.4 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian							Fennian	470
										Whitlandian	471.1 *
										Moridunian	474.3 *
	Tremadocian		Ordovician 1			Tremadoc				Migneintian	477.7
										Cressagian	480.8 *
										Cressagian	Mansian †			483.55 *
											Mansian †			485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5								Merioneth			Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Stage 10												Festiniogian				489.2 *
		Jiangshanian																489.5
															Aksaian			490.7 *
															Sakian			492.2 *
														Maentwrogian				493.1 *
		Paibian																494
		Paibian															Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4								St Davids				Ayusokkanian			497
		Guzhangian													Mayan/Menevian			499.5
		Drumian													Mayan/Menevian			500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3												Amgan/Solvan			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Caerfai	509										Amgan/Solvan
					Toyonian		Lenian †	510 *
					Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2		Botomian			514
		Stage 3			Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Tommotian			521
		Stage 2			Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1		Nemakit-Daldynian		Manykaian †	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian														635
		Tonian														720
		Tonian													Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian													Karatau	1000
		Stenian							Yurmatian						1100
		Ectasian							Yurmatian						1200
		Ectasian							Burzyan						1375
																			1400