PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126764 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of China	North American Land Mammal Ages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Saintaugustinean	0
				Meghalayan		Santarosean	0.0004
				Northgrippian			0.0042
				Greenlandian			0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			0.0117
				Late Pleistocene		Rancholabrean	0.014
				Chibanian		Rancholabrean	0.129
				Chibanian		Irvingtonian	0.21
				Calabrian		Irvingtonian	0.774
				Calabrian		Blancan	1.4
				Gelasian			1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			2.58
				Zanclean			3.6
				Zanclean		Hemphillian	4.7
			Miocene	Messinian			5.333
				Tortonian			7.246
				Tortonian		Clarendonian	9.4
				Serravallian		Clarendonian	11.63
				Serravallian		Barstovian	12.5
				Langhian			13.82
				Burdigalian			15.98
						Hemingfordian	16.3
						Arikareean	18.5
				Aquitanian			20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			23.03
				Rupelian			27.82
						Whitneyan	29.5
						Orellan	31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian		Chadronian	33.9
				Priabonian		Duchesnean	37
				Bartonian		Duchesnean	37.71
				Bartonian		Uintan	39.7
				Lutetian		Uintan	41.2
				Lutetian		Bridgerian	46.2
				Ypresian		Bridgerian	47.8
						Wasatchian	50.5
						Clarkforkian	54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Clarkforkian	56
				Thanetian		Tiffanian	56.2
				Selandian		Tiffanian	59.2
				Selandian		Torrejonian	60.9
				Danian		Torrejonian	61.6
				Danian		Puercan	63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			66
				Campanian			72.1
				Santonian			83.6
				Coniacian			86.3
				Turonian			89.8
				Cenomanian			93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian			100.5
				Aptian			113
				Barremian			121.4
				Hauterivian			125.77
				Valanginian			132.6
				Berriasian			139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
				Kimmeridgian			149.2
				Oxfordian			154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
				Bathonian			165.3
				Bajocian			168.2
				Aalenian			170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
				Pliensbachian			184.2
Sinemurian				192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian	251.902
			Changhsingian	Baoqingian	253.4 *
			Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian	254.14
			Wuchiapingian	Laibinian	257.7 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan	259.51
			Wordian	Kuhfengian	264.28
			Roadian	Kuhfengian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian	273.01
			Artinskian	Luodianian	283.5
			Artinskian	Longlinian	285.4 *
			Sakmarian	Longlinian	290.1
			Asselian	Zisongian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian	298.9
			Gzhelian		300.1
			Kasimovian		303.7
			Moscovian		307
			Bashkirian		315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
			Visean		330.9
			Tournaisian		346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian		410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
			Katian		445.2
			Sandbian		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		485.4
			Jiangshanian		489.5
			Paibian		494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		497
			Drumian		500.5
			Wuliuan		504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4		509
		Series 2	Stage 3		514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2		521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran				538.8
		Cryogenian				635
		Tonian				720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian				1000
		Ectasian				1200
		Calymmian				1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian				1600
		Orosirian				1800
		Rhyacian				2050
		Siderian				2300
Archean	Neoarchean					2500
	Mesoarchean					2800
	Paleoarchean					3200
	Eoarchean					3600
Hadean						4000
							4600