PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128253 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cambrian Epochs	Silurian of England		Carboniferous Subepochs	Ordovician of Australia	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Cambrian of Britain		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean															3.6
	Miocene	Messinian															5.333
		Tortonian															7.246
		Serravallian															11.63
		Langhian															13.82
		Burdigalian															15.98
		Aquitanian															20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian												23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian		Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian		Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian													33.9
		Bartonian		Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan													37.71
		Lutetian															41.2
		Ypresian			Bumbanian												47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Gashatan													56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
		Kimmeridgian															149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Pliensbachian															184.2
		Sinemurian															192.9
		Hettangian															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
		Norian															208.5
		Carnian															227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian														251.902
		Changhsingian	Baoqingian														253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian													Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Laibinian													Longtanian †	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan														259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian														264.28
		Roadian	Kuhfengian														266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian														273.01
		Artinskian	Luodianian														283.5
		Artinskian	Longlinian														285.4 *
		Sakmarian	Longlinian														290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian														293.52
		Asselian									Kuzel						297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Late Pennsylvanian								298.9
																	300.1
											Stephanian	Stephanian C					300.3 *
												Stephanian B					300.9 *
						Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian				Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian				Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian				Cantabrian	Middle Pennsylvanian	307
						Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
								Westphalian C	309.8
								Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian					Early Pennsylvanian	Westphalian B	315.2
								Westphalian A	317 *
						Namurian		Yeadonian	318.8 *
								Marsdenian	320.2 *
								Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
								Alportian	322 *
								Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Late Mississippian		323.2	Chokierian
				Arnsbergian			324 *
				Pendleian			327.4 *
		Visean		Middle Mississippian	Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
					Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
					Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian		Early Mississippian	Ivorian		346.7
		Tournaisian		Early Mississippian	Hastarian		353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	Ohesaare	419.2
								Bringewood/Elton	Ohesaare	421.3
								Bringewood/Elton	Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian						Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian								425.6
		Gorstian						Buildwas		426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian						Buildwas	Rootsikula	427.4
							Wych	Woolhope	Rootsikula	428.4 *
									Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian							Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian							Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian							Jaani	433.4
									Adavere	434 *
										436.3 *
		Aeronian								438.5
							Cowleigh Park			439.3 *
									Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian							Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian							Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Bolindian		443.8
		Katian							Bolindian		445.2
									Eastonian		449 *
									Gisbornian		452 *
		Sandbian							Gisbornian		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Darriwilian		458.4
		Dapingian							Yapeenian		467.3
		Dapingian							Castlemainian		468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Chewtonian		470
									Bendigonian		471.8 *
									Lancefieldian		473.5 *
		Tremadocian							Lancefieldian		477.7
		Tremadocian	Warendian						482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Late Cambrian								Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
		Stage 10										Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian										Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian										Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian										Maentwrogian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Middle Cambrian								St Davids		Series 3 †	497
		Drumian												500.5
		Wuliuan												Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Early Cambrian								Caerfai				509
	Series 2	Stage 3													514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian													529
																	538.8