PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126864 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Silurian of the Baltic	Silurian of North America			Carboniferous of Western Europe		Cambrian Epochs	Cambrian of China
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian		MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian		MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A											33.9
		Bartonian		MP 16											37.71
		Lutetian		MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11											41.2
		Ypresian		MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian		MP 6	MP 1 - 5										56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Pliensbachian													184.2
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian													208.5
		Carnian													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian												251.902
		Changhsingian	Baoqingian												253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian												254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Laibinian												257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan												259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian												264.28
		Roadian	Kuhfengian												266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian												273.01
		Artinskian	Luodianian												283.5
		Artinskian	Longlinian												285.4 *
		Sakmarian	Longlinian												290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian												293.52
		Asselian								Kuzel					297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian													298.9
															300.1
										Stephanian	Stephanian C				300.3 *
											Stephanian B				300.9 *
											Stephanian A				301.4 *
		Kasimovian									Stephanian A				303.7
		Kasimovian									Cantabrian				305 *
		Moscovian									Cantabrian				307
										Westphalian	Westphalian D				307.4 *
											Westphalian C				309.8
											Westphalian B				314.6
		Bashkirian									Westphalian B				315.2
						Westphalian A	317 *
						Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
							Marsdenian	320.2 *
							Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
							Alportian	322 *
							Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Chokierian	323.2
				Arnsbergian			324 *
				Pendleian			327.4 *
		Visean		Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
				Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
				Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian		Ivorian		346.7
		Tournaisian		Hastarian		353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian				Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian				Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Ohesaare	Cayugan		419.2
						Kaugetuma	Cayugan		421.7 *
						Kaugetuma	Niagaran		422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare			423
		Ludfordian				Paadla			423.4 *
		Gorstian				Paadla			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula			Lockportian	427.4
		Homerian				Jaagarahu			Lockportian	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu				430.5
		Sheinwoodian				Jaani				431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani			Ontarian	433.4
		Telychian				Adavere				434 *
		Aeronian								438.5
										Alexandrian	438.7 *
						Raikkula					439.4 *
							Medinan		Clinton		440.1 *
											440.7 *
		Rhuddanian									440.8
		Rhuddanian				Juuru					441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									443.8
		Katian									445.2
		Sandbian									453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian									467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian									470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian									477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									Late Cambrian	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Jiangshanian										Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian										Paibian		494
		Paibian										Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Middle Cambrian	Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
		Drumian										Drumian	Wangcunian †	500.5
		Wuliuan	Wuliuan/Taijangian										504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Early Cambrian								Duyunian		509
	Series 2	Stage 3									Nangaoian		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									Meishucunian		521
		Fortunian									Meishucunian		529
		Fortunian									Jinnigian		530.7
															538.8