PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Cambrian Epochs	Permian of the Salt Range	Devonian of Germany	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cambrian of Siberia		Cretaceous Subepochs	Central Paratethys Stages
Neogene	Miocene	Tortonian										Pannonian	7.246
		Serravallian										Sarmatian	11.63
		Serravallian										Badenian	12.8 *
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian					23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian					Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian					Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian						33.9
		Bartonian					Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan						37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian						Bumbanian					47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Gashatan						56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									Senonian		66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									Gallic		100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian									Neocomian		125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian											208.5
		Carnian											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
		Induan											251.2
		Induan			Kathwai								251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian		Kathwai								251.902
													252.4 *
					Chhidru								252.9 *
			Baoqingian										253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian										254.14
					Kalabagh								255 *
					Wargal								256 *
			Laibinian										257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan										259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian										264.28
													265.3 *
					Amb								266.1 *
		Roadian			Amb								266.9
		Roadian											270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian										273.01
		Artinskian	Luodianian										283.5
		Artinskian	Longlinian										285.4 *
		Sakmarian	Longlinian										290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian	298.9
		Gzhelian		300.1
		Kasimovian		303.7
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Adorf		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		Siegen		407.6
		Lochkovian		Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian				445.2
		Sandbian				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
		Tremadocian				477.7
		Tremadocian				Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Late Cambrian	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Jiangshanian					Batyrbaian			489.5
							Aksaian			490.7 *
							Sakian			492.2 *
		Paibian								494
		Paibian							Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Middle Cambrian	Ayusokkanian			497
		Guzhangian					Mayan/Menevian			499.5
		Drumian					Mayan/Menevian			500.5
		Wuliuan					Amgan/Solvan			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Early Cambrian	Amgan/Solvan			509
							Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
							Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3					Botomian			514
		Stage 3					Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Tommotian			521
		Stage 2					Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
		Fortunian					Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †		529
													538.8