PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Devonian Subages	Permian of the Salt Range	Mesozoic Subages		Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Silurian Ages of Europe	Carboniferous Subepochs	Ordovician of Britain
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian				Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian									72.1
		Santonian				Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian				Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian				Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian				Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Late Albian									100.5
						Middle Albian									106.2 *
						Early Albian									109.9 *
		Aptian				Late Aptian									113
		Aptian				Early Aptian									119.5 *
		Barremian				Late Barremian/Early Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian				Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian				Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian				Late Berriasian									139.8
						Middle Berriasian									140.6 *
						Early Berriasian									142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian								145
		Tithonian				Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian								146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian				Late Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Kimmeridgian				Early Kimmeridgian									152.2 *
		Oxfordian				Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian								154.8
		Oxfordian					Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian								157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian				Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian				Late Bajocian									168.2
		Bajocian				Early Bajocian									168.6 *
		Aalenian				Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Late Toarcian									174.7
						Middle Toarcian									180.4 *
						Early Toarcian									182.9 *
		Pliensbachian				Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian									184.2
		Sinemurian				Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian									192.9
		Hettangian				Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian				Sevatian									208.5
						Alaunian									213.2 *
						Lacian									216.7 *
		Carnian				Tuvalian									227
		Carnian				Julian									233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Longobardian									237
		Ladinian				Fassanian									239.7 *
		Anisian				Illyrian									242
						Pelsonian									243.8 *
						Bithynian									244.7 *
						Aegean									245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Spathian									247.2
		Olenekian				Smithian									248.9 *
		Induan				Dienerian									251.2
						Griesbachian									251.4 *
					Kathwai	Griesbachian									251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian		Kathwai										251.902
															252.4 *
					Chhidru										252.9 *
			Baoqingian												253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian												254.14
					Kalabagh										255 *
					Wargal										256 *
			Laibinian												257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan												259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian												264.28
															265.3 *
					Amb										266.1 *
		Roadian			Amb										266.9
		Roadian			270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian		273.01
		Artinskian	Luodianian		283.5
		Artinskian	Longlinian		285.4 *
		Sakmarian	Longlinian		290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian		Mapingian †			Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Gzhelian							300.1
		Kasimovian							303.7
		Kasimovian							305.9
		Moscovian						Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian						Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean						Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian						Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Late Famennian		358.9
								Middle Famennian		365.3 *
								Early Famennian		368.5 *
		Frasnian						Late Frasnian		372.2
								Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
								Early Frasnian		379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Late Givetian		382.7
								Middle Givetian		383.7 *
							Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian					Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian					Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian					Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian					Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian					Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian					Late Lochkovian	410.8
							Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
							Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Gleedonian		427.4
		Homerian						Whitwellian		429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Ashgill	Hirnantian	Bolindian	443.8
		Katian									Rawtheyan		445.2
											Cautleyan		448.9 *
											Cautleyan	Eastonian	449 *
											Pusgillian		449.3 *
										Caradoc	Streffordian		Onnian †	449.6 *
											Cheneyan			451.5 *
											Cheneyan	Gisbornian		452 *
											Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian												453
						Actonian †							453.2 *
						Marshbrookian †							Woolstonian †	454.2 *
						Longvillian †								455.2 *
						Longvillian †					Aurelucian			456.8 *
						Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian					Aurelucian			457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Llanvirn				Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn		Darriwilian		458.4
		Darriwilian								Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		Darriwilian		461.3 *
		Dapingian								Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		Yapeenian		467.3
						Arenig				Fennian		Yapeenian		468.4 *
												Castlemainian		468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian										Chewtonian		470
										Whitlandian		Chewtonian		471.1 *
												Bendigonian		471.8 *
				Lancefieldian								473.5 *
										Moridunian		474.3 *
		Tremadocian				Tremadoc				Migneintian		477.7
										Cressagian		480.8 *
				Warendian						Cressagian		482.8 *
				Warendian								485 *
															485.4