PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of China	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Central Paratethys Stages	Silurian of the Baltic	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Wanganui	Haweran						0
				Northgrippian									0.0042
				Greenlandian									0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
				Chibanian									0.129
				Chibanian			Castlecliffian						0.34
				Calabrian			Castlecliffian						0.774
				Calabrian			Nukumaruan						1.63
				Gelasian			Nukumaruan						1.8
				Gelasian			Mangapanian						2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Mangapanian			Tertiary †			2.58
				Piacenzian			Waipipian						3
				Zanclean			Waipipian						3.6
				Zanclean			Opoitian						3.7
			Miocene	Messinian		Taranaki	Kapitean						5.333
				Messinian			Tongaporutuan						7.2
				Tortonian			Tongaporutuan	Pannonian					7.246
				Tortonian		Southland	Waiauan	Pannonian					11.04
				Serravallian				Sarmatian					11.63
								Badenian					12.8 *
							Lillburnian	Badenian					13.05
				Langhian			Lillburnian						13.82
							Clifdenian						15.1
						Pareora	Altonian						15.9
				Burdigalian			Altonian						15.98
				Burdigalian			Otaian						18.7
				Aquitanian			Otaian						20.44
				Aquitanian		Landon	Waitakian						21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Waitakian						23.03
							Duntroonian						25.2
							Whaingaroan						27.3
				Rupelian									27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
						Arnold	Runangan						34.6
							Kaiatan						36.7
				Bartonian			Kaiatan						37.71
				Bartonian			Bortonian						39.1
				Lutetian			Bortonian						41.2
						Dannevirke	Porangan						42.6
							Heretaungan						45.7
				Ypresian			Heretaungan						47.8
							Mangaorapan						48.9
							Waipawan						52
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Teurian						56
				Selandian									59.2
				Danian									61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian						66
				Campanian			Haumurian						72.1
				Santonian			Piripauan						83.6
				Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan						86.1
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
							Mangaotanean						90.5
							Arowhanan						93.7
				Cenomanian			Arowhanan						93.9
						Clarence	Ngaterian						95.2
							Motuan						99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan						100.5
							Urutawan						103.3
						Taitai	Korangan						108.4
				Aptian			Korangan						113
				Aptian									117.5
				Barremian									121.4
				Hauterivian									125.77
Valanginian				132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Meishanian	251.902
			Changhsingian		Baoqingian	253.4 *
			Wuchiapingian		Laoshanian	Longtanian †		254.14
			Wuchiapingian		Laibinian	Longtanian †		257.7 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Lengwuan			259.51
			Wordian		Kuhfengian			264.28
			Roadian		Kuhfengian			266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		Luodianian			273.01
			Artinskian		Luodianian			283.5
			Artinskian		Longlinian			285.4 *
			Sakmarian		Longlinian			290.1
			Asselian		Zisongian			Bursumian †	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Zisongian			Virgilian	298.9
			Gzhelian					Virgilian	300.1
			Kasimovian					Missourian	303.7
			Kasimovian					Desmoinesian	305.9 *
			Moscovian					Desmoinesian	307
			Moscovian					Atokan	312.7 *
			Bashkirian					Atokan	315.2
			Bashkirian					Morrowan	318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Chesterian	323.2
			Visean					Chesterian	330.9
								Meramecian	335.8 *
								Osagean	343.1 *
			Tournaisian					Osagean	346.7
			Tournaisian					Kinderhookian	351.9 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian						Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						Emsian	393.3
			Pragian						Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian						Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli							Ohesaare		419.2
		Pridoli							Kaugetuma		421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						Kuressaare		423
			Ludfordian						Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian						Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						Rootsikula		427.4
			Homerian						Jaagarahu		429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian						Jaagarahu		430.5
			Sheinwoodian				Jaani		431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani		433.4
			Telychian				Adavere		434 *
			Aeronian				Adavere		438.5
			Aeronian				Raikkula		439.4 *
			Rhuddanian	440.8			Raikkula
			Rhuddanian	Juuru			441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
			Katian				445.2
			Sandbian				453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				485.4
			Jiangshanian				489.5
			Paibian				494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †		497
			Drumian						500.5
			Wuliuan			Stage 5 †			504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4						509
		Series 2	Stage 3						514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
Fortunian		Terreneuvian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian									Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau	1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan	1375
													1400