PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Devonian of France	Devonian of Eastern North America		Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Wanganui	Haweran									0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Late Pleistocene					0.0117
		Chibanian							Middle Pleistocene					0.129
		Chibanian			Castlecliffian				Middle Pleistocene					0.34
		Calabrian			Castlecliffian				Early Pleistocene					0.774
		Calabrian			Nukumaruan									1.63
		Gelasian			Nukumaruan									1.8
		Gelasian			Mangapanian									2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Mangapanian				Late Pliocene					2.58
		Piacenzian			Waipipian				Late Pliocene					3
		Zanclean			Waipipian				Early Pliocene					3.6
		Zanclean			Opoitian				Early Pliocene					3.7
	Miocene	Messinian		Taranaki	Kapitean				Late Miocene					5.333
		Messinian			Tongaporutuan									7.2
		Tortonian			Tongaporutuan									7.246
		Tortonian		Southland	Waiauan									11.04
		Serravallian			Waiauan				Middle Miocene					11.63
		Serravallian			Lillburnian									13.05
		Langhian			Lillburnian									13.82
					Clifdenian									15.1
				Pareora	Altonian									15.9
		Burdigalian			Altonian				Early Miocene					15.98
		Burdigalian			Otaian									18.7
		Aquitanian			Otaian									20.44
		Aquitanian		Landon	Waitakian									21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Waitakian				Late Oligocene					23.03
					Duntroonian									25.2
					Whaingaroan									27.3
		Rupelian							Early Oligocene					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian							Late Eocene					33.9
				Arnold	Runangan									34.6
					Kaiatan									36.7
		Bartonian			Kaiatan				Middle Eocene					37.71
		Bartonian			Bortonian									39.1
		Lutetian			Bortonian									41.2
				Dannevirke	Porangan									42.6
					Heretaungan									45.7
		Ypresian			Heretaungan				Early Eocene					47.8
					Mangaorapan									48.9
					Waipawan									52
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Teurian				Late Paleocene					56
		Selandian							Middle Paleocene					59.2
		Danian							Early Paleocene					61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian									66
		Campanian			Haumurian									72.1
		Santonian			Piripauan									83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan									86.1
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
					Mangaotanean									90.5
					Arowhanan									93.7
		Cenomanian			Arowhanan									93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian									95.2
					Motuan									99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan									100.5
					Urutawan									103.3
				Taitai	Korangan									108.4
		Aptian			Korangan									113
		Aptian												117.5
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Meishanian		251.902
		Changhsingian		Baoqingian		253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian		Laoshanian		254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Laibinian		257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Lengwuan		259.51
		Wordian		Kuhfengian		264.28
		Roadian		Kuhfengian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Luodianian		273.01
		Artinskian		Luodianian		283.5
		Artinskian		Longlinian		285.4 *
		Sakmarian		Longlinian		290.1
		Asselian		Zisongian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Zisongian		298.9
		Gzhelian				300.1
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Couvinien	Southwoodian	Cazenovian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian		393.3
		Pragian								407.6
		Pragian				Coblencien			408.2 *
		Lochkovian				Gedinnine			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Kosovian	443.8
		Katian							Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian							Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian									453
											Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
					Liben †						458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
									Dobrotivian		458.5 *
									Oretanian		459.7 *
					Sarka †							461.7 *
		Dapingian	Klabava †		467.3
		Dapingian			Arenigian				468
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Arenigian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Tremadocian						477.7
														485.4