PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	European Faunal Units	Cretaceous Subepochs	Carboniferous of China	Permian of the Salt Range	Cambrian of North America
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Villanyian					2.58
		Piacenzian		Ruscinian					3.1 *
		Zanclean		Ruscinian					3.6
	Miocene	Messinian		Turolian					5.333
		Tortonian		Turolian					7.246
		Tortonian		Vallesian					8.7
		Serravallian		Astaracian					11.63
		Langhian		Astaracian					13.82
		Burdigalian		Orleanian					15.98
		Burdigalian		Agenian					20
		Aquitanian		Agenian					20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian							33.9
		Bartonian							37.71
		Lutetian							41.2
		Ypresian							47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian							56
		Selandian							59.2
		Danian							61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Senonian				66
		Campanian							72.1
		Santonian							83.6
		Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian							89.8
		Cenomanian							93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Gallic				100.5
		Aptian							113
		Barremian							121.4
		Hauterivian			Neocomian				125.77
		Valanginian							132.6
		Berriasian							139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							145
		Kimmeridgian							149.2
		Oxfordian							154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
		Bathonian							165.3
		Bajocian							168.2
		Aalenian							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							174.7
		Pliensbachian							184.2
		Sinemurian							192.9
		Hettangian							199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							201.4
		Norian							208.5
		Carnian							227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian							237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian							242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian							247.2
		Induan							251.2
		Induan					Kathwai		251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian				Kathwai		251.902
									252.4 *
							Chhidru		252.9 *
			Baoqingian						253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian						254.14
							Kalabagh		255 *
							Wargal		256 *
			Laibinian						257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan						259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian						264.28
									265.3 *
							Amb		266.1 *
		Roadian					Amb		266.9
		Roadian				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian			273.01
		Artinskian	Luodianian			283.5
		Artinskian	Longlinian			285.4 *
		Sakmarian	Longlinian			290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
							Xiaodushanian	300 *
								300.1
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Kasimovian					Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian		307
		Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
						Huashibanian	318.5 *
						Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Late Mississippian		Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian		Late Mississippian		Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean		Middle Mississippian		Shangsian	330.9
		Visean		Middle Mississippian		Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian		Early Mississippian		Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan		485.4
		Stage 10					Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian					Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian					Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian					Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Marjumian		Albertian †	497
		Drumian			Marjumian			500.5
		Wuliuan			Topazan			504.5
		Wuliuan			Delamaran			506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Delamaran		Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4			Dyeran			511 *
		Stage 3			Dyeran			514
					Montezuman			514.8 *
					Begadean			519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
									538.8