PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Carboniferous Subepochs	Cambrian of Siberia			Cambrian of China		Silurian of the Baltic	Ordovician of the Baltic				Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cambrian of North America		Carboniferous of North America
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian													Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian					33.9
		Bartonian													Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan					37.71
		Lutetian																		41.2
		Ypresian														Bumbanian				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian													Gashatan					56
		Selandian																		59.2
		Danian																		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																		66
		Campanian																		72.1
		Santonian																		83.6
		Coniacian																		86.3
		Turonian																		89.8
		Cenomanian																		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																		100.5
		Aptian																		113
		Barremian																		121.4
		Hauterivian																		125.77
		Valanginian																		132.6
		Berriasian																		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																		145
		Kimmeridgian																		149.2
		Oxfordian																		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
		Bathonian																		165.3
		Bajocian																		168.2
		Aalenian																		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																		174.7
		Pliensbachian																		184.2
		Sinemurian																		192.9
		Hettangian																		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																		201.4
		Norian																		208.5
		Carnian																		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian																	251.902
		Changhsingian	Baoqingian																	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian																	254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Laibinian																	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan																	259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian																	264.28
		Roadian	Kuhfengian																	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian																	273.01
		Artinskian	Luodianian																	283.5
		Artinskian	Longlinian																	285.4 *
		Sakmarian	Longlinian																	290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian																Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian	Late Pennsylvanian															Virgilian	298.9
		Gzhelian																	Virgilian	300.1
		Kasimovian																	Missourian	303.7
		Kasimovian																	Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian															Desmoinesian	307
		Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian															Atokan	312.7 *
		Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian															Atokan	315.2
		Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian															Morrowan	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Late Mississippian															Chesterian	323.2
		Visean		Middle Mississippian															Chesterian	330.9
																			Meramecian	335.8 *
																			Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian		Early Mississippian															Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian		Early Mississippian	Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Emsian	393.3
		Pragian				Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian				Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Ohesaare		419.2
	Pridoli					Kaugetuma		421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare		423
		Ludfordian				Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian				Paadla		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula		427.4
		Homerian				Jaagarahu		429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu		430.5
		Sheinwoodian				Jaani		431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani		433.4
		Telychian				Adavere		434 *
		Aeronian				Adavere		438.5
		Aeronian				Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian				Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian				Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian							Pirgu	445.2
									Vormsi	449.6 *
									Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
								Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
									Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian							Keila	Idavere †	453
									Haljala		453.9
									Kukruse		456.4 *
									Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Uhaku		458.4
									Lasnamagi		458.9 *
									Aseri		460.4 *
								Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
									Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
									Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian							Volkhov			467.3
		Dapingian							Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian										470
										Latorp †		470.1 *
									Hunneberg			473.7 *
		Tremadocian							Hunneberg			477.7
									Varangu			481.3 *
									Pakerort			482.2 *
												Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Batyrbaian		Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
																		486.3 *
																		486.5
																		Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian	Jiangshanian											489.5
										Aksaian				490.7 *
										Sakian				492.2 *
														Steptoean				493 *
		Paibian	Paibian															494
													Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian					494.7 *
													Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		Waergangian †/Youshuanian			494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian										Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Marjumian		Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian	Mayan/Menevian										Guzhangian					499.5
		Drumian	Mayan/Menevian										Drumian					500.5
		Wuliuan	Amgan/Solvan										Wuliuan/Taijangian		Topazan			504.5
		Wuliuan											Wuliuan/Taijangian		Delamaran			506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4											Duyunian				Waucoban †	509
			Toyonian	Lenian †	510 *
			Toyonian		Dyeran					511 *
			Botomian							512.5 *
		Stage 3								Nangaoian			514
					Montezuman								514.8 *
			Atdabanian		Montezuman								515.6 *
			Atdabanian		Begadean								519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian				Meishucunian			521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian							525.5
		Fortunian		Manykaian †						529
		Fortunian		Manykaian †			Jinnigian			530.7
																				538.8