PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of China	Precambrian of Russia	Ordovician of North America						Cenozoic Subepochs
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										0
				Northgrippian										0.0042
				Greenlandian										0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Late Pleistocene	0.0117
				Chibanian									Middle Pleistocene	0.129
				Calabrian									Early Pleistocene	0.774
				Gelasian									Early Pleistocene	1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Late Pliocene	2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean									Early Pliocene	3.6
			Miocene	Messinian									Late Miocene	5.333
				Tortonian									Late Miocene	7.246
				Serravallian									Middle Miocene	11.63
				Langhian									Middle Miocene	13.82
				Burdigalian									Early Miocene	15.98
				Aquitanian									Early Miocene	20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									Late Oligocene	23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian									Early Oligocene	27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian									Late Eocene	33.9
				Bartonian									Middle Eocene	37.71
				Lutetian									Middle Eocene	41.2
				Ypresian									Early Eocene	47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian									Late Paleocene	56
				Selandian									Middle Paleocene	59.2
				Danian									Early Paleocene	61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
				Kimmeridgian										149.2
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian										168.2
				Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
				Pliensbachian										184.2
				Sinemurian										192.9
				Hettangian										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
				Norian										208.5
				Carnian										227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian									251.902
				Changhsingian	Baoqingian									253.4 *
				Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian									254.14
				Wuchiapingian	Laibinian									257.7 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan									259.51
				Wordian	Kuhfengian									264.28
				Roadian	Kuhfengian									266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian									273.01
				Artinskian	Luodianian									283.5
				Artinskian	Longlinian									285.4 *
Sakmarian				290.1	Longlinian
Asselian				Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian	298.9
			Gzhelian		300.1
			Kasimovian		303.7
			Moscovian		307
			Bashkirian		315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
			Visean		330.9
			Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
			Katian			Gamachian	445.2
						Richmondian	446 *
						Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
						Edenian		450.4 *
					Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
			Sandbian			Chatfieldian		453
						Turinian		453.7 *
					Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
			Dapingian						467.3
			Dapingian			Rangerian			469.1 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
			Floian			Tulean				473.9 *
			Tremadocian			Tulean				477.7
						Stairsian				480.3 *
						Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10			Skullrockian				485.4
			Stage 10							487.5
			Jiangshanian							489.5
			Paibian							494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian							497
			Drumian							500.5
			Wuliuan							504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4							509
		Series 2	Stage 3							514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian									Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau	1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan	1375
		Calymmian										1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian										1600
		Orosirian										1800
		Rhyacian										2050
		Siderian										2300
Archean	Neoarchean											2500
	Mesoarchean			2800
	Paleoarchean			3200
	Eoarchean			3600
Hadean				4000
														4600