PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Cenozoic Subepochs	European Faunal Units	Permian of the Pamirs	Ordovician of the Baltic				Carboniferous of Western Europe		Cambrian Epochs
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene										0.129
		Calabrian		Early Pleistocene										0.774
		Gelasian		Early Pleistocene										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Late Pliocene	Villanyian									2.58
		Piacenzian		Late Pliocene	Ruscinian									3.1 *
		Zanclean		Early Pliocene	Ruscinian									3.6
	Miocene	Messinian		Late Miocene	Turolian									5.333
		Tortonian			Turolian									7.246
		Tortonian			Vallesian									8.7
		Serravallian		Middle Miocene	Astaracian									11.63
		Langhian		Middle Miocene	Astaracian									13.82
		Burdigalian		Early Miocene	Orleanian									15.98
		Burdigalian			Agenian									20
		Aquitanian			Agenian									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Late Oligocene										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian		Early Oligocene										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian		Late Eocene										33.9
		Bartonian		Middle Eocene										37.71
		Lutetian		Middle Eocene										41.2
		Ypresian		Early Eocene										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Late Paleocene										56
		Selandian		Middle Paleocene										59.2
		Danian		Early Paleocene										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian			Dorashamian								251.902
		Changhsingian	Baoqingian			Dorashamian								253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian			Dzhulfian								254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Laibinian			Dzhulfian								257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan			Midian								259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian			Midian								264.28
		Wordian				Murgabian								266.2 *
		Roadian				Murgabian								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian			Kubergandian								273.01
		Kungurian				Bolorian								279.8
		Artinskian					283.5
			Longlinian				285.4 *
						Yakhtashian	286
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian			Asselian	293.52
		Asselian				Asselian	Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
								300.1
							Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
								Stephanian B	300.9 *
								Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian						Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian						Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian						Cantabrian	307
							Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
					Westphalian C			309.8
					Westphalian B			314.6
		Bashkirian			Westphalian B			315.2
					Westphalian A			317 *
					Namurian		Yeadonian	318.8 *
							Marsdenian	320.2 *
							Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
							Alportian	322 *
							Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2			Chokierian
				Arnsbergian			324 *
				Pendleian			327.4 *
		Visean		Warnantian	Brigantian †		330.9
				Livian	Asbian †		336.3 *
				Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
		Tournaisian		Ivorian			346.7
		Tournaisian		Hastarian			353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian					Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian					Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian							Pirgu	445.2
									Vormsi	449.6 *
									Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
								Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
									Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian							Keila	Idavere †	453
									Haljala		453.9
									Kukruse		456.4 *
									Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Uhaku		458.4
									Lasnamagi		458.9 *
									Aseri		460.4 *
								Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
									Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
									Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian							Volkhov			467.3
		Dapingian							Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian										470
										Latorp †		470.1 *
									Hunneberg			473.7 *
		Tremadocian							Hunneberg			477.7
									Varangu			481.3 *
						Pakerort			482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Pakerort			Late Cambrian	Niuchehean		Taoyuanian †	485.4
													486.3 *
													486.5
		Jiangshanian								Jiangshanian			489.5
		Paibian								Paibian			494
		Paibian								Paibian		Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Middle Cambrian	Guzhangian		Wangcunian †	497
		Drumian								Drumian		Wangcunian †	500.5
		Wuliuan								Wuliuan/Taijangian			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4							Early Cambrian	Duyunian			509
	Series 2	Stage 3								Nangaoian			514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								Meishucunian			521
		Fortunian								Meishucunian			529
		Fortunian								Jinnigian			530.7
														538.8