PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Ten Million Year Bins	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Central Paratethys Stages	Silurian of the Baltic
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Cenozoic 6				0
		Northgrippian							0.0042
		Greenlandian							0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							0.0117
		Chibanian							0.129
		Calabrian							0.774
		Gelasian							1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean							3.6
	Miocene	Messinian							5.333
		Tortonian					Pannonian		7.246
		Serravallian			Cenozoic 5		Sarmatian		11.63
		Serravallian					Badenian		12.8 *
		Langhian							13.82
		Burdigalian							15.98
		Aquitanian							20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Cenozoic 4				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian			Cenozoic 4				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian			Cenozoic 3				33.9
		Bartonian			Cenozoic 3				37.71
		Lutetian			Cenozoic 2				41.2
		Ypresian			Cenozoic 2				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Cenozoic 1				56
		Selandian							59.2
		Danian							61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Cretaceous 8				66
		Campanian			Cretaceous 7				72.1
		Santonian			Cretaceous 6				83.6
		Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian							89.8
		Cenomanian			Cretaceous 5				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Cretaceous 4				100.5
		Aptian			Cretaceous 3				113
		Barremian			Cretaceous 2				121.4
		Hauterivian			Cretaceous 2				125.77
		Valanginian			Cretaceous 1				132.6
		Berriasian			Cretaceous 1				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Jurassic 6				145
		Kimmeridgian			Jurassic 5				149.2
		Oxfordian							154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
		Bathonian			Jurassic 4				165.3
		Bajocian			Jurassic 4				168.2
		Aalenian			Jurassic 3				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Jurassic 3				174.7
		Pliensbachian			Jurassic 2				184.2
		Sinemurian			Jurassic 1				192.9
		Hettangian			Jurassic 1				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Triassic 4				201.4
		Norian			Triassic 4				208.5
		Carnian			Triassic 3				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Triassic 2				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			Triassic 2				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Triassic 1	Vokhmian			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			Triassic 1	Vokhmian			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian		Permian 4				251.902
		Changhsingian	Baoqingian						253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian			Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian			254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Laibinian			Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian			257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan			Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian			259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian			Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian			264.28
		Roadian	Kuhfengian		Permian 3	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian		Permian 2				273.01
		Artinskian	Luodianian						283.5
		Artinskian	Longlinian	285.4 *
		Sakmarian	Longlinian	290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian	Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian	Carboniferous 5	298.9
		Gzhelian			300.1
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian		Carboniferous 4	307
		Bashkirian		Carboniferous 4	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3	323.2
		Visean		Carboniferous 2	330.9
		Tournaisian		Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Devonian 5	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Devonian 4	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Devonian 3	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian		Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian		Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			Silurian 2	Ohesaare		419.2
	Pridoli				Kaugetuma		421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			Kuressaare		423
		Ludfordian			Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian			Paadla		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Rootsikula		427.4
		Homerian			Jaagarahu		429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu		430.5
		Sheinwoodian			Jaani		431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian		Silurian 1	Jaani		433.4
		Telychian			Adavere		434 *
		Aeronian			Adavere		438.5
		Aeronian			Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian			Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian			Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ordovician 5			443.8
		Katian		Ordovician 5			445.2
		Sandbian		Ordovician 4			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Ordovician 3			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		Ordovician 2			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Ordovician 2			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Ungurian			Ordovician 1	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Batyrbaian			Cambrian 5	485.4
		Jiangshanian		Batyrbaian				489.5
				Aksaian				490.7 *
				Sakian				492.2 *
		Paibian		Sakian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Ayusokkanian			Cambrian 4	497
		Guzhangian						499.5
		Drumian		Zhanaarykian				500.5
		Drumian		Tuesaian				503
		Wuliuan		Tuesaian			Cambrian 3	504.5
		Wuliuan						505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4						509
				Toyonian				510 *
				Botomian				512.5 *
		Stage 3		Botomian			Cambrian 2	514
		Stage 3		Atdabanian				515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian				521
		Stage 2						525.5
		Fortunian					Cambrian 1	529
									538.8