PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Cambrian of China		Devonian of Eastern North America		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Carboniferous of China	Cambrian of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Wanganui	Haweran			0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Chibanian							Castlecliffian			0.34
		Calabrian							Castlecliffian			0.774
		Calabrian							Nukumaruan			1.63
		Gelasian							Nukumaruan			1.8
		Gelasian							Mangapanian			2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Mangapanian			2.58
		Piacenzian							Waipipian			3
		Zanclean							Waipipian			3.6
		Zanclean							Opoitian			3.7
	Miocene	Messinian						Taranaki	Kapitean			5.333
		Messinian							Tongaporutuan			7.2
		Tortonian							Tongaporutuan			7.246
		Tortonian						Southland	Waiauan			11.04
		Serravallian							Waiauan			11.63
		Serravallian							Lillburnian			13.05
		Langhian							Lillburnian			13.82
									Clifdenian			15.1
								Pareora	Altonian			15.9
		Burdigalian							Altonian			15.98
		Burdigalian							Otaian			18.7
		Aquitanian							Otaian			20.44
		Aquitanian						Landon	Waitakian			21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Waitakian			23.03
									Duntroonian			25.2
									Whaingaroan			27.3
		Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
								Arnold	Runangan			34.6
									Kaiatan			36.7
		Bartonian							Kaiatan			37.71
		Bartonian							Bortonian			39.1
		Lutetian							Bortonian			41.2
								Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
									Heretaungan			45.7
		Ypresian							Heretaungan			47.8
									Mangaorapan			48.9
									Waipawan			52
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Teurian			56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Mata	Haumurian			66
		Campanian							Haumurian			72.1
		Santonian							Piripauan			83.6
		Santonian						Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
									Mangaotanean			90.5
									Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian							Arowhanan			93.9
								Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
									Motuan			99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							Motuan			100.5
									Urutawan			103.3
								Taitai	Korangan			108.4
		Aptian							Korangan			113
		Aptian										117.5
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Meishanian	251.902
		Changhsingian		Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian		Laoshanian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Laibinian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Lengwuan	259.51
		Wordian		Kuhfengian	264.28
		Roadian		Kuhfengian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Luodianian	273.01
		Artinskian		Luodianian	283.5
		Artinskian		Longlinian	285.4 *
		Sakmarian		Longlinian	290.1
		Asselian		Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
					Xiaodushanian	300 *
						300.1
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Kasimovian			Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
					Huashibanian	318.5 *
					Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian			Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean			Shangsian	330.9
		Visean			Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian			Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			West Fallsian/Sonyean		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan		Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Southwoodian		Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
		Katian						445.2
		Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Niuchehean					Taoyuanian †	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10	Niuchehean							Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian	Jiangshanian							Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian	Jiangshanian							Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian	Paibian								494
		Paibian	Paibian					Waergangian †/Youshuanian			494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Guzhangian					Wangcunian †	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian	Drumian					Wangcunian †	Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan	Wuliuan/Taijangian						Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan	Wuliuan/Taijangian						Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Duyunian						Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4	Duyunian						Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3	Nangaoian						Dyeran		514
									Montezuman		514.8 *
									Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Meishucunian								521
		Fortunian	Meishucunian								529
		Fortunian	Jinnigian								530.7
												538.8