PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Central Paratethys Stages	Mesozoic Subages		Cretaceous Subepochs	Permian of the Salt Range
Neogene	Miocene	Tortonian						Pannonian					7.246
		Serravallian						Sarmatian					11.63
		Serravallian						Badenian					12.8 *
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
		Bartonian											37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		Senonian		66
		Campanian							Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian				72.1
		Santonian							Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian				83.6
		Coniacian							Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian				86.3
		Turonian							Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian				89.8
		Cenomanian							Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							Late Albian		Gallic		100.5
									Middle Albian				106.2 *
									Early Albian				109.9 *
		Aptian							Late Aptian				113
		Aptian							Early Aptian				119.5 *
		Barremian							Late Barremian/Early Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian							Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		Neocomian		125.77
		Valanginian							Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian							Late Berriasian				139.8
									Middle Berriasian				140.6 *
									Early Berriasian				142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian			145
		Tithonian							Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian			146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian							Late Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Kimmeridgian							Early Kimmeridgian				152.2 *
		Oxfordian							Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian			154.8
		Oxfordian								Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian			157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian							Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian							Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian							Late Bajocian				168.2
		Bajocian							Early Bajocian				168.6 *
		Aalenian							Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							Late Toarcian				174.7
									Middle Toarcian				180.4 *
									Early Toarcian				182.9 *
		Pliensbachian							Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian							Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian							Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian							Sevatian				208.5
									Alaunian				213.2 *
									Lacian				216.7 *
		Carnian							Tuvalian				227
		Carnian							Julian				233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian							Longobardian				237
		Ladinian							Fassanian				239.7 *
		Anisian							Illyrian				242
									Pelsonian				243.8 *
									Bithynian				244.7 *
									Aegean				245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian							Spathian				247.2
		Olenekian							Smithian				248.9 *
		Induan							Dienerian				251.2
			Griesbachian	251.4 *
			Griesbachian	Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian	Kathwai		251.902
						252.4 *
				Chhidru		252.9 *
			Baoqingian			253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian			254.14
				Kalabagh		255 *
				Wargal		256 *
			Laibinian			257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan			259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian			264.28
						265.3 *
				Amb		266.1 *
		Roadian		Amb		266.9
		Roadian				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian			273.01
		Artinskian	Luodianian			283.5
		Artinskian	Longlinian			285.4 *
		Sakmarian	Longlinian			290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian			298.9
		Gzhelian				300.1
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Kosovian	443.8
		Katian				Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian				Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian						453
								Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
							Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
						Dobrotivian				458.5 *
						Oretanian				459.7 *
							Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian					Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian				Arenigian				468
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Arenigian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10									Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian									Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian									Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian									Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian								Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan								Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan			Delamaran					506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Delamaran					Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4			Dyeran						511 *
		Stage 3			Dyeran						514
					Montezuman						514.8 *
					Begadean						519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
													538.8