PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Devonian of Eastern North America		Cambrian of China		Silurian of the Baltic	Ordovician of the Baltic				Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cambrian of North America		Carboniferous of North America
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian					33.9
		Bartonian											Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan					37.71
		Lutetian																41.2
		Ypresian												Bumbanian				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											Gashatan					56
		Selandian																59.2
		Danian																61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
		Campanian																72.1
		Santonian																83.6
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
		Cenomanian																93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
		Aptian																113
		Barremian																121.4
		Hauterivian																125.77
		Valanginian																132.6
		Berriasian																139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
		Kimmeridgian																149.2
		Oxfordian																154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
		Bathonian																165.3
		Bajocian																168.2
		Aalenian																170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
		Pliensbachian																184.2
		Sinemurian																192.9
		Hettangian																199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
		Norian																208.5
		Carnian																227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian															251.902
		Changhsingian	Baoqingian															253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian															254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Laibinian															257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan															259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian															264.28
		Roadian	Kuhfengian															266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian															273.01
		Artinskian	Luodianian															283.5
		Artinskian	Longlinian															285.4 *
		Sakmarian	Longlinian															290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian														Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian														Virgilian	298.9
		Gzhelian															Virgilian	300.1
		Kasimovian															Missourian	303.7
		Kasimovian															Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian															Desmoinesian	307
		Moscovian															Atokan	312.7 *
		Bashkirian															Atokan	315.2
		Bashkirian															Morrowan	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian															Chesterian	323.2
		Visean															Chesterian	330.9
																	Meramecian	335.8 *
																	Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian															Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian		Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		West Fallsian/Sonyean		Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan		Cazenovian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Southwoodian		Cazenovian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Helderbergian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian					Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian					Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						Ohesaare		419.2
	Pridoli						Kaugetuma		421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare		423
		Ludfordian					Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian					Paadla		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula		427.4
		Homerian					Jaagarahu		429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu		430.5
		Sheinwoodian					Jaani		431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian					Jaani		433.4
		Telychian					Adavere		434 *
		Aeronian					Adavere		438.5
		Aeronian					Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian					Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian					Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian								Pirgu	445.2
										Vormsi	449.6 *
										Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
									Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
										Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian								Keila	Idavere †	453
										Haljala		453.9
										Kukruse		456.4 *
										Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								Uhaku		458.4
										Lasnamagi		458.9 *
										Aseri		460.4 *
									Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
										Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
										Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian								Volkhov			467.3
		Dapingian								Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian											470
											Latorp †		470.1 *
										Hunneberg			473.7 *
		Tremadocian								Hunneberg			477.7
										Varangu			481.3 *
										Pakerort			482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Pakerort	Niuchehean		Taoyuanian †		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
																486.3 *
																486.5
																Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian									Jiangshanian					Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian	Steptoean								Jiangshanian					493 *
		Paibian									Paibian					494
		Paibian									Paibian		Waergangian †/Youshuanian			494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Guzhangian								Wangcunian †		Marjumian		Albertian †	497
		Drumian	Drumian								Wangcunian †		Marjumian			500.5
		Wuliuan	Wuliuan/Taijangian										Topazan			504.5
		Wuliuan	Wuliuan/Taijangian										Delamaran			506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Duyunian										Delamaran		Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4	Duyunian										Dyeran			511 *
		Stage 3	Nangaoian										Dyeran			514
													Montezuman			514.8 *
													Begadean			519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Meishucunian													521
		Fortunian	Meishucunian		529
		Fortunian	Jinnigian		530.7
																		538.8