PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of the Salt Range	Ordovician of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Cenozoic 6					0
		Northgrippian								0.0042
		Greenlandian								0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								0.0117
		Chibanian								0.129
		Calabrian								0.774
		Gelasian								1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean								3.6
	Miocene	Messinian								5.333
		Tortonian								7.246
		Serravallian			Cenozoic 5					11.63
		Langhian								13.82
		Burdigalian								15.98
		Aquitanian								20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Cenozoic 4					23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian			Cenozoic 4					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian			Cenozoic 3					33.9
		Bartonian			Cenozoic 3					37.71
		Lutetian			Cenozoic 2					41.2
		Ypresian			Cenozoic 2					47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Cenozoic 1					56
		Selandian								59.2
		Danian								61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Cretaceous 8					66
		Campanian			Cretaceous 7					72.1
		Santonian			Cretaceous 6					83.6
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
		Cenomanian			Cretaceous 5					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Cretaceous 4					100.5
		Aptian			Cretaceous 3					113
		Barremian			Cretaceous 2					121.4
		Hauterivian			Cretaceous 2					125.77
		Valanginian			Cretaceous 1					132.6
		Berriasian			Cretaceous 1					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Jurassic 6					145
		Kimmeridgian			Jurassic 5					149.2
		Oxfordian								154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
		Bathonian			Jurassic 4					165.3
		Bajocian			Jurassic 4					168.2
		Aalenian			Jurassic 3					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Jurassic 3					174.7
		Pliensbachian			Jurassic 2					184.2
		Sinemurian			Jurassic 1					192.9
		Hettangian			Jurassic 1					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Triassic 4					201.4
		Norian			Triassic 4					208.5
		Carnian			Triassic 3					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Triassic 2					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			Triassic 2					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Vokhmian	Triassic 1					247.2
		Induan								251.2
		Induan				Kathwai				251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian		Permian 4	Kathwai				251.902
										252.4 *
						Chhidru				252.9 *
			Baoqingian							253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian						254.14
						Kalabagh				255 *
						Wargal				256 *
			Laibinian							257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian						259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian			264.28
							265.3 *
						Amb	266.1 *
		Roadian		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	Permian 3	Amb	266.9
		Roadian		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	Permian 3		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian		Permian 2		273.01
		Artinskian	Luodianian				283.5
		Artinskian	Longlinian				285.4 *
		Sakmarian	Longlinian				290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian		Permian 1		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian		Carboniferous 5		298.9
		Gzhelian					300.1
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian			Carboniferous 4		307
		Bashkirian			Carboniferous 4		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Carboniferous 3		323.2
		Visean			Carboniferous 2		330.9
		Tournaisian			Carboniferous 1		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Devonian 5		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			Devonian 4		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Devonian 3		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Devonian 3		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Devonian 2		393.3
		Pragian			Devonian 1		407.6
		Lochkovian			Devonian 1		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Silurian 2		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			Silurian 1		433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ordovician 5		Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian					Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian					Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
		Sandbian			Ordovician 4		Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Ordovician 3		Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian			Ordovician 3		Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian			Ordovician 2		Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Ordovician 2		Yiyangian			470
		Tremadocian			Ordovician 1		Xinchangian			477.7
		Tremadocian			Ordovician 1		Xinchangian		Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Cambrian 5					485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Cambrian 4					497
		Drumian			Cambrian 4					500.5
		Wuliuan			Cambrian 3					504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Cambrian 3					509
	Series 2	Stage 3			Cambrian 2					514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Cambrian 2					521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian			Cambrian 1					529
										538.8