PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Devonian of Eastern North America		Carboniferous of China	Cretaceous Subepochs	Devonian of France	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian									0.129
		Chibanian								Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian								Castlecliffian	0.774
		Calabrian								Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian								Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian								Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Mangapanian	2.58
		Piacenzian								Waipipian	3
		Zanclean								Waipipian	3.6
		Zanclean								Opoitian	3.7
	Miocene	Messinian							Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian								Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian								Tongaporutuan	7.246
		Tortonian							Southland	Waiauan	11.04
		Serravallian								Waiauan	11.63
		Serravallian								Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian								Lillburnian	13.82
										Clifdenian	15.1
									Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian								Altonian	15.98
		Burdigalian								Otaian	18.7
		Aquitanian								Otaian	20.44
		Aquitanian							Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Waitakian	23.03
										Duntroonian	25.2
										Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
									Arnold	Runangan	34.6
										Kaiatan	36.7
		Bartonian								Kaiatan	37.71
		Bartonian								Bortonian	39.1
		Lutetian								Bortonian	41.2
									Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
										Heretaungan	45.7
		Ypresian								Heretaungan	47.8
										Mangaorapan	48.9
										Waipawan	52
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Teurian	56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Senonian		Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian								Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian								Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian							Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
										Mangaotanean	90.5
										Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian								Arowhanan	93.9
									Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
										Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Gallic			Motuan	100.5
										Urutawan	103.3
									Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian								Korangan	113
		Aptian									117.5
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian					Neocomian				125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Meishanian	Dorashamian	251.902
		Changhsingian		Baoqingian	Dorashamian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian		Laoshanian	Dzhulfian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Laibinian	Dzhulfian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Lengwuan	Midian	259.51
		Wordian		Kuhfengian	Midian	264.28
		Wordian			Murgabian	266.2 *
		Roadian			Murgabian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Luodianian	Kubergandian	273.01
		Kungurian			Bolorian	279.8
		Artinskian				283.5
				Longlinian		285.4 *
					Yakhtashian	286
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian		Zisongian	Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
						Xiaodushanian	300 *
							300.1
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Kasimovian				Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
						Huashibanian	318.5 *
						Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian				Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean				Shangsian	330.9
		Visean				Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian				Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway		Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				West Fallsian/Sonyean		Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan		Cazenovian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Southwoodian		Cazenovian	Couvinien		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Helderbergian			393.3
		Pragian									407.6
		Pragian							Coblencien		408.2 *
		Lochkovian							Gedinnine		410.8
											419.2