PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126764 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Permian of the Pamirs	Permian of the Russian Platform		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean									3.6
	Miocene	Messinian									5.333
		Tortonian									7.246
		Serravallian									11.63
		Langhian									13.82
		Burdigalian									15.98
		Aquitanian									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
		Bartonian									37.71
		Lutetian									41.2
		Ypresian									47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian									56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Lancian/Edmontonian							66
		Campanian		Judithian/Aquilan							72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
		Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian									168.2
		Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
		Pliensbachian									184.2
		Sinemurian									192.9
		Hettangian									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
		Norian									208.5
		Carnian									227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan									251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian		Dorashamian						251.902
		Changhsingian	Baoqingian		Dorashamian						253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian		Dzhulfian				Longtanian †		254.14
			Laoshanian			Tatarian	Vyatkian				256.8 *
			Laibinian				Vyatkian				257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan		Midian		Severodvinian				259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian		Midian		Urzhumian				264.28
		Wordian			Murgabian		Urzhumian				266.2 *
		Roadian				Kazanian	Povolzhian				266.9
		Roadian				Kazanian	Sokian				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian		Kubergandian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian				273.01
					Kubergandian		Filipovian				276.5 *
					Bolorian		Filipovian				279.8
							Saraninian				280.1 *
		Artinskian				Artinskian	Sarginian				283.5
			Longlinian				Sarginian				285.4 *
							Irginian				285.9 *
					Yakhtashian		Irginian			286
					Yakhtashian		Burtsevian			287.8 *
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian			290.1
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian			291.7 *
		Asselian	Zisongian		Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian			293.52
							Uskalykian			294.8
							Surenian			297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
		Gzhelian								300.1
		Kasimovian								303.7
		Moscovian								307
		Bashkirian								315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian								323.2
		Visean								330.9
		Tournaisian								346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
		Katian		445.2
		Sandbian		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Ungurian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Batyrbaian				485.4
		Jiangshanian		Batyrbaian				489.5
				Aksaian				490.7 *
				Sakian				492.2 *
		Paibian		Sakian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †				Ayusokkanian		497
		Guzhangian								499.5
		Drumian						Zhanaarykian		500.5
		Drumian						Tuesaian		503
		Wuliuan						Tuesaian	Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan							Stage 5 †	505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4								509
								Toyonian		510 *
								Botomian		512.5 *
		Stage 3						Botomian		514
		Stage 3						Atdabanian		515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Tommotian		521
											525.5