PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of the Salt Range	Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Devonian of Germany	Permian of China	Carboniferous of North America	Cambrian of Britain		Cambrian of Kazakhstan
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Tarantian									0.0117
				Chibanian		Ionian									0.129
				Calabrian											0.774
				Gelasian											1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
			Miocene	Messinian											5.333
				Tortonian											7.246
				Serravallian											11.63
				Langhian											13.82
				Burdigalian											15.98
				Aquitanian											20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
				Bartonian											37.71
				Lutetian											41.2
				Ypresian											47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian											56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Pliensbachian											184.2
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian											208.5
				Carnian											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
				Induan											251.2
				Induan	Kathwai										251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Kathwai					Meishanian					251.902
															252.4 *
					Chhidru										252.9 *
										Baoqingian					253.4 *
				Wuchiapingian						Laoshanian					254.14
					Kalabagh										255 *
					Wargal										256 *
										Laibinian					257.7 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian						Lengwuan					259.51
				Wordian						Kuhfengian					264.28
															265.3 *
					Amb										266.1 *
Roadian				266.9	Amb
Roadian					270.7 *
Cisuralian			Kungurian		Luodianian	273.01
			Artinskian		Luodianian	283.5
			Artinskian		Longlinian	285.4 *
			Sakmarian		Longlinian	290.1
			Asselian		Zisongian	Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Zisongian	Virgilian	298.9
			Gzhelian			Virgilian	300.1
			Kasimovian			Missourian	303.7
			Kasimovian			Desmoinesian	305.9 *
			Moscovian			Desmoinesian	307
			Moscovian			Atokan	312.7 *
			Bashkirian			Atokan	315.2
			Bashkirian			Morrowan	318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Chesterian	323.2
			Visean			Chesterian	330.9
						Meramecian	335.8 *
						Osagean	343.1 *
			Tournaisian			Osagean	346.7
			Tournaisian			Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			Adorf		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Srbsko		Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Chotec		Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Daleje/Zlichovian		Emsian	393.3
			Pragian			Pragian		Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian			Lochkovian		Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
			Katian						445.2
			Sandbian						453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian						470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10						Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Batyrbaian	485.4
			Stage 10							Festiniogian		489.2 *
			Jiangshanian									489.5
											Aksaian	490.7 *
											Sakian	492.2 *
										Maentwrogian		493.1 *
			Paibian							Maentwrogian		494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian						St Davids		Ayusokkanian	497
											Ayusokkanian	Arcadian	498.4
											499.5
	Drumian		Zhanaarykian								500.5
	Drumian		Tuesaian								503
	Wuliuan		Tuesaian								504.5
	Wuliuan										505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4							Branchian		Caerfai	509
			Toyonian									510 *
			Botomian									512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian									514
			Atdabanian									515.6 *
			Atdabanian						Placentian			517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian									521
		Stage 2										525.5
		Fortunian		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian											Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian											Karatau	1000
		Stenian											Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian			1200								Yurmatian
		Ectasian			Burzyan								1375
															1400