PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of the Salt Range	European Faunal Units	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Permian of North America		Devonian Subages	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		European Faunal Zones
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Gelasian										MN 17	1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Villanyian								MN 16	2.58
						Ruscinian								MN 16	3.1 *
														MN 15	3.2
				Zanclean										MN 15	3.6
														MN 14	4.2
														MN 13	4.9
			Miocene	Messinian		Turolian								MN 13	5.333
				Tortonian										MN 12	7.246
														MN 11	7.75
						Vallesian								MN 10	8.7
														MN 9	9.7
														MN 7 + 8	11.1
				Serravallian		Astaracian								MN 7 + 8	11.63
				Serravallian										MN 6	12.8 *
				Langhian										MN 5	13.82
				Burdigalian		Orleanian								MN 4	15.98
						Orleanian								MN 3	16.9
						Agenian								MN 2	20
				Aquitanian										MN 2	20.44
				Aquitanian										MN 1	22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian		23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian								Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian		27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian								Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian			33.9
				Bartonian								Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan			37.71
				Lutetian											41.2
				Ypresian									Bumbanian		47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian								Gashatan			56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Pliensbachian											184.2
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian											208.5
				Carnian											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
				Induan											251.2
				Induan	Kathwai										251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Kathwai										251.902
															252.4 *
					Chhidru										252.9 *
Wuchiapingian				Zechstein	Chhidru		254.14
					Kalabagh		255 *
					Wargal		256 *
Guadalupian			Capitanian	Capitanian			Rotliegendes	259.51
			Wordian	Wordian				264.28
								265.3 *
					Amb			266.1 *
			Roadian	Roadian	Amb			266.9
			Roadian	Roadian				270.7 *
Cisuralian			Kungurian	Leonardian				Cathedralian	273.01
			Kungurian					Hessian	281.9 *
			Artinskian				Autunian	Hessian	283.5
			Artinskian	Wolfcampian				Lenoxian	286.1 *
			Sakmarian					Lenoxian	290.1
			Asselian					Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
			Kasimovian						303.7
			Moscovian						307
			Bashkirian						315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
			Visean						330.9
			Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			Late Famennian			358.9
						Middle Famennian			365.3 *
						Early Famennian			368.5 *
			Frasnian			Late Frasnian			372.2
						Middle Frasnian			375.4 *
						Early Frasnian			379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Late Givetian			382.7
						Middle Givetian			383.7 *
						Early Givetian			385.9 *
			Eifelian			Late Eifelian			387.7
			Eifelian			Early Eifelian			390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Late Emsian			393.3
			Emsian			Early Emsian			398.3 *
			Pragian			Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian			Late Lochkovian			410.8
						Middle Lochkovian			412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian			415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli							Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli							Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian						Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian						Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian						Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian						Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian						Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian						Jaani	433.4
			Telychian						Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian						Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian						Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian						Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian						Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
			Katian							445.2
			Sandbian							453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian							470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
		Jiangshanian	489.5
		Paibian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	497
		Drumian	500.5
		Wuliuan	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	509
	Series 2	Stage 3	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †	Poundian †	Vendian	538.8
		Ediacaran			Wonokan †						Vendian †	571.7 *	Vendian
		Cryogenian											635
		Tonian											720
		Tonian										Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										Karatau	1000
		Stenian										Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian										Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian		Burzyan			1375
															1400