PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of the Salt Range	European Faunal Units	Devonian of France	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of Siberia			Precambrian of Russia	Silurian Ages of Europe
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene						0.0117
				Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene						0.129
				Calabrian				Early Pleistocene						0.774
				Gelasian				Early Pleistocene						1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Villanyian		Late Pliocene						2.58
				Piacenzian		Ruscinian		Late Pliocene						3.1 *
				Zanclean		Ruscinian		Early Pliocene						3.6
			Miocene	Messinian		Turolian		Late Miocene						5.333
				Tortonian		Turolian								7.246
				Tortonian		Vallesian								8.7
				Serravallian		Astaracian		Middle Miocene						11.63
				Langhian		Astaracian		Middle Miocene						13.82
				Burdigalian		Orleanian		Early Miocene						15.98
				Burdigalian		Agenian								20
				Aquitanian		Agenian								20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Late Oligocene						23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian				Early Oligocene						27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian				Late Eocene						33.9
				Bartonian				Middle Eocene						37.71
				Lutetian				Middle Eocene						41.2
				Ypresian				Early Eocene						47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian				Late Paleocene						56
				Selandian				Middle Paleocene						59.2
				Danian				Early Paleocene						61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
				Kimmeridgian										149.2
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian										168.2
				Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
				Pliensbachian										184.2
				Sinemurian										192.9
				Hettangian										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
				Norian										208.5
				Carnian										227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
				Induan										251.2
				Induan	Kathwai									251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Kathwai									251.902
														252.4 *
					Chhidru									252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian	Chhidru									254.14
					Kalabagh									255 *
					Wargal									256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian										259.51
				Wordian										264.28
														265.3 *
Amb					266.1 *
Amb				Roadian	266.9
				Roadian	270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
				Artinskian	283.5
				Sakmarian	290.1
				Asselian	293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
				Kasimovian	303.7
				Moscovian	307
				Bashkirian	315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
				Visean	330.9
				Tournaisian	346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian	Frasnian	Adorf	372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian	Givetian	382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Couvinien	Eifelian	387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian		Emsian	393.3
				Pragian		Siegen	407.6
				Pragian	Coblencien	Siegen	408.2 *
				Lochkovian	Gedinnine	Gedinnine	410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
			Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
			Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian			Gleedonian	427.4
				Homerian			Whitwellian	429.7 *
				Sheinwoodian				430.5
			Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
				Aeronian				438.5
				Rhuddanian				440.8
		Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
				Katian				445.2
				Sandbian				453
			Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
			Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
			Early Ordovician	Floian				470
				Tremadocian				477.7
				Tremadocian				Mansian †	483.55 *
		Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
				Jiangshanian				Batyrbaian			489.5
								Aksaian			490.7 *
								Sakian			492.2 *
				Paibian							494
				Paibian						Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
			Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Ayusokkanian			497
				Guzhangian				Mayan/Menevian			499.5
				Drumian				Mayan/Menevian			500.5
				Wuliuan				Amgan/Solvan			504.5
			Series 2	Stage 4				Amgan/Solvan			509
								Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
								Botomian			512.5 *
				Stage 3				Botomian			514
				Stage 3				Atdabanian			515.6 *
			Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian			521
	Nemakit-Daldynian			Stage 2				525.5
	Nemakit-Daldynian			Fortunian				Manykaian †	529
	Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian	538.8
			Cryogenian										635
			Tonian										720
			Tonian									Karatau	800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau	1000
			Stenian									Yurmatian	1100
			Ectasian									Yurmatian	1200
			Ectasian									Burzyan	1375
														1400