PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of the Salt Range	European Faunal Units	Permian of the Russian Platform		Devonian Subages	Precambrian of Russia	Carboniferous of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Villanyian						2.58
				Piacenzian		Ruscinian						3.1 *
				Zanclean		Ruscinian						3.6
			Miocene	Messinian		Turolian						5.333
				Tortonian		Turolian						7.246
				Tortonian		Vallesian						8.7
				Serravallian		Astaracian						11.63
				Langhian		Astaracian						13.82
				Burdigalian		Orleanian						15.98
				Burdigalian		Agenian						20
				Aquitanian		Agenian						20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian								27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian								33.9
				Bartonian								37.71
				Lutetian								41.2
				Ypresian								47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian								56
				Selandian								59.2
				Danian								61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								66
				Campanian								72.1
				Santonian								83.6
				Coniacian								86.3
				Turonian								89.8
				Cenomanian								93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian								100.5
				Aptian								113
				Barremian								121.4
				Hauterivian								125.77
				Valanginian								132.6
				Berriasian								139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								145
				Kimmeridgian								149.2
				Oxfordian								154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
				Bathonian								165.3
				Bajocian								168.2
				Aalenian								170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian								174.7
				Pliensbachian								184.2
				Sinemurian								192.9
				Hettangian								199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								201.4
				Norian								208.5
				Carnian								227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian								237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian								242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian								247.2
				Induan								251.2
				Induan	Kathwai							251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Kathwai							251.902
												252.4 *
					Chhidru							252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian	Chhidru							254.14
					Kalabagh							255 *
					Wargal							256 *
							Tatarian	Vyatkian				256.8 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian				Severodvinian				259.51
				Wordian				Urzhumian				264.28
												265.3 *
					Amb							266.1 *
				Roadian	Amb		Kazanian	Povolzhian				266.9
				Roadian			Kazanian	Sokian				270.7 *
Cisuralian			Kungurian	Kungurian			Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
							Filipovian	276.5 *
							Saraninian	280.1 *
			Artinskian	Artinskian			Sarginian	283.5
							Irginian	285.9 *
							Burtsevian	287.8 *
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian			Sterlitamakian	290.1
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian			Tastubian	291.7 *
			Asselian	Asselian			Shikhanian	Bursumian †	293.52
							Uskalykian		294.8
							Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Virgilian	298.9
			Kasimovian				Missourian	303.7
			Kasimovian				Desmoinesian	305.9 *
			Moscovian				Desmoinesian	307
			Moscovian				Atokan	312.7 *
			Bashkirian				Atokan	315.2
			Bashkirian				Morrowan	318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Chesterian	323.2
			Visean				Chesterian	330.9
							Meramecian	335.8 *
							Osagean	343.1 *
			Tournaisian				Osagean	346.7
			Tournaisian				Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				Late Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
							Middle Famennian			365.3 *
							Early Famennian			368.5 *
			Frasnian				Late Frasnian		Adorf	372.2
							Middle Frasnian			375.4 *
							Early Frasnian			379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Late Givetian		Givetian	382.7
							Middle Givetian			383.7 *
							Early Givetian			385.9 *
			Eifelian				Late Eifelian		Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian				Early Eifelian		Eifelian	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Late Emsian		Emsian	393.3
			Emsian				Early Emsian		Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian				Pragian		Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian				Late Lochkovian		Gedinnine	410.8
							Middle Lochkovian			412.8 *
							Early Lochkovian			415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli								419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
			Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
			Katian							445.2
	Sandbian		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
		Jiangshanian	489.5
		Paibian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	497
		Drumian	500.5
		Wuliuan	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	509
	Series 2	Stage 3	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian									635
		Tonian									720
		Tonian								Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian								Karatau	1000
		Stenian								Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian								Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian								Burzyan	1375
												1400