PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of the Salt Range	Devonian Subages	Devonian of Germany	Cambrian of North America		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		European Faunal Units	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Villanyian	Tertiary †		2.58
		Piacenzian								Ruscinian			3.1 *
		Zanclean								Ruscinian			3.6
	Miocene	Messinian								Turolian			5.333
		Tortonian								Turolian			7.246
		Tortonian								Vallesian			8.7
		Serravallian								Astaracian			11.63
		Langhian								Astaracian			13.82
		Burdigalian								Orleanian			15.98
		Burdigalian								Agenian			20
		Aquitanian								Agenian			20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian						Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian						Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian					33.9
		Bartonian						Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan					37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian							Bumbanian				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Gashatan					56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian											208.5
		Carnian											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
		Induan											251.2
		Induan	Kathwai										251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Kathwai										251.902
													252.4 *
			Chhidru										252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian	Chhidru									Longtanian †	254.14
			Kalabagh										255 *
			Wargal										256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian											259.51
		Wordian											264.28
													265.3 *
			Amb										266.1 *
		Roadian	Amb										266.9
		Roadian											270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian											273.01
		Artinskian		283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian		Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian			305.9
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Late Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
					Middle Famennian		365.3 *
					Early Famennian		368.5 *
		Frasnian			Late Frasnian	Adorf	372.2
					Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
					Early Frasnian		379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Late Givetian	Givetian	382.7
					Middle Givetian		383.7 *
					Early Givetian		385.9 *
		Eifelian			Late Eifelian	Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian			Early Eifelian	Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Late Emsian	Emsian	393.3
		Emsian			Early Emsian	Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian			Pragian	Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian			Late Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
					Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
					Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli						Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli						Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian					Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian					Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian					Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian					Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian					Jaani	433.4
		Telychian					Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian					Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian					Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian					Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian					Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
		Katian						445.2
		Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10							Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian							Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian							Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian							Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Marjumian	Albertian †	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian						Marjumian			500.5
		Wuliuan						Topazan			Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan						Delamaran			Stage 5 †	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Delamaran	Waucoban †			509
		Stage 4						Dyeran				511 *
		Stage 3						Dyeran				514
			Montezuman					514.8 *
			Begadean					519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
													538.8