PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of the Salt Range	Precambrian of Russia	Silurian of England		European Faunal Units	Permian Subages of Germany		Permian of North America		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Villanyian									2.58
				Piacenzian					Ruscinian									3.1 *
				Zanclean					Ruscinian									3.6
			Miocene	Messinian					Turolian									5.333
				Tortonian					Turolian									7.246
				Tortonian					Vallesian									8.7
				Serravallian					Astaracian									11.63
				Langhian					Astaracian									13.82
				Burdigalian					Orleanian									15.98
				Burdigalian					Agenian									20
				Aquitanian					Agenian									20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
				Bartonian														37.71
				Lutetian														41.2
				Ypresian														47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian														56
				Selandian														59.2
				Danian														61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
				Campanian														72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
				Kimmeridgian														149.2
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Pliensbachian														184.2
				Sinemurian														192.9
				Hettangian														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
				Norian														208.5
				Carnian														227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
				Induan														251.2
				Induan	Kathwai													251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Kathwai					Buntsandstein								251.902
																		252.4 *
					Chhidru													252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian	Chhidru													254.14
					Kalabagh													255 *
					Wargal													256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian						Ohre/Aller		Capitanian						259.51
				Wordian						Leine		Wordian						264.28
																		265.3 *
					Amb													266.1 *
				Roadian	Amb							Roadian						266.9
				Roadian								Roadian						270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian								Leonardian	Cathedralian					273.01
Hessian				Kungurian		281.9 *
Hessian				Artinskian		283.5
Wolfcampian				Artinskian		Lenoxian	286.1 *
				Sakmarian		Lenoxian	290.1
				Asselian		Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
			Kasimovian				303.7
			Moscovian				307
			Bashkirian				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
			Visean				330.9
			Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
			Pragian						407.6
			Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian		Pridoli						Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine		419.2
		Pridoli						Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton		421.3
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood		423
			Gorstian								425.6
			Gorstian						Buildwas		426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian						Buildwas		427.4
			Homerian					Wych	Woolhope		428.4 *
			Sheinwoodian								430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
			Telychian								436.3 *
			Aeronian								438.5
			Aeronian					Cowleigh Park			439.3 *
			Rhuddanian					Cowleigh Park			440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Kosovian	443.8
			Katian								Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian								Berounian		449.7 *
			Sandbian										453
													Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
												Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian												458.4
											Dobrotivian				458.5 *
											Oretanian				459.7 *
												Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian									Klabava †			467.3
			Dapingian								Arenigian				468
		Early Ordovician	Floian								Arenigian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian								Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10												485.4
			Jiangshanian												489.5
			Paibian												494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian												497
			Drumian												500.5
	Wuliuan		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	509
	Series 2	Stage 3	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian															635
		Tonian															720
		Tonian														Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian														Karatau	1000
		Stenian								Yurmatian						1100
		Ectasian			1200					Yurmatian
		Ectasian			Burzyan					1375
																		1400