PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127682 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of the Salt Range	Cretaceous Subepochs	Permian of North America		Ordovician of China			Cambrian of Britain		Permian Subages of Germany	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia			Cambrian of North America		Carboniferous of North America	Devonian of Germany
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Senonian																66
		Campanian																		72.1
		Santonian																		83.6
		Coniacian																		86.3
		Turonian																		89.8
		Cenomanian																		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Gallic																100.5
		Aptian																		113
		Barremian																		121.4
		Hauterivian		Neocomian																125.77
		Valanginian																		132.6
		Berriasian																		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																		145
		Kimmeridgian																		149.2
		Oxfordian																		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
		Bathonian																		165.3
		Bajocian																		168.2
		Aalenian																		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																		174.7
		Pliensbachian																		184.2
		Sinemurian																		192.9
		Hettangian																		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																		201.4
		Norian																		208.5
		Carnian																		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																		247.2
		Induan																		251.2
		Induan	Kathwai																	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Kathwai									Buntsandstein								251.902
																				252.4 *
			Chhidru																	252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian	Chhidru																	254.14
			Kalabagh																	255 *
			Wargal																	256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Capitanian							Ohre/Aller								259.51
		Wordian			Wordian							Leine								264.28
																				265.3 *
			Amb																	266.1 *
		Roadian	Amb		Roadian															266.9
		Roadian			Roadian															270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Leonardian	Cathedralian														273.01
		Kungurian				Hessian														281.9 *
		Artinskian				Hessian														283.5
		Artinskian			Wolfcampian	Lenoxian														286.1 *
		Sakmarian				Lenoxian														290.1
		Asselian				Nealian												Bursumian †		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																Virgilian		298.9
		Kasimovian																Missourian		303.7
		Kasimovian																Desmoinesian		305.9 *
		Moscovian																Desmoinesian		307
		Moscovian																Atokan		312.7 *
		Bashkirian																Atokan		315.2
		Bashkirian																Morrowan		318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian																Chesterian		323.2
		Visean																Chesterian		330.9
																		Meramecian		335.8 *
																		Osagean		343.1 *
		Tournaisian																Osagean		346.7
		Tournaisian																Kinderhookian		351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian																	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian																	Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					Emsian	393.3
		Pragian					Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian					Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Hirnantian				Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian		Chientangkiangian					Wufeng †	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †		445.2
				Neichianshanian/Hanjiang						Kralodvorian			449.5
										Berounian			449.7 *
		Sandbian											453
													Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
											Liben †				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian				Guniu †/Hulo							458.4
										Dobrotivian					458.5 *
										Oretanian					459.7 *
											Sarka †				461.7 *
								Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo		Sarka †				466.3 *
		Dapingian		Dapingian							Klabava †				467.3
		Dapingian		Dapingian						Arenigian					468
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Yiyangian						Arenigian					470
		Tremadocian		Xinchangian						Tremadocian					477.7
		Tremadocian		Xinchangian					Lianghekou †	Tremadocian					477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Merioneth					Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
															Dolgellian/Trempealeauan		Sunwaptan		487.5
															Festiniogian				489.2 *
		Jiangshanian																	489.5
																	Steptoean		493 *
															Maentwrogian				493.1 *
		Paibian													Maentwrogian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								St Davids						Marjumian	Albertian †		497
		Drumian														Marjumian			500.5
		Wuliuan														Topazan			504.5
		Wuliuan														Delamaran			506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								Caerfai		Waucoban †				Delamaran	509
		Stage 4	Dyeran													511 *
		Stage 3	Dyeran													514
			Montezuman													514.8 *
			Begadean													519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2														521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian														529
																				538.8