PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of the Salt Range	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Carboniferous of North America	Cambrian Epochs	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A				33.9
		Bartonian										MP 16				37.71
		Lutetian										MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11				41.2
		Ypresian										MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										MP 6	MP 1 - 5			56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian												Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites		168.2
		Bajocian													Humphresianum	168.4
		Aalenian												Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense	174.7
														Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons		180.1
														Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		182
		Pliensbachian												Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni		184.2
		Sinemurian												Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi		192.9
		Hettangian												Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
		Induan														251.2
		Induan	Kathwai													251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Kathwai													251.902
																252.4 *
			Chhidru													252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian	Chhidru													254.14
			Kalabagh													255 *
			Wargal													256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian														259.51
		Wordian														264.28
																265.3 *
			Amb													266.1 *
		Roadian	Amb													266.9
		Roadian														270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian														273.01
		Artinskian														283.5
		Sakmarian														290.1
		Asselian			Bursumian †											293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Virgilian											298.9
		Kasimovian			Missourian											303.7
		Kasimovian			Desmoinesian											305.9 *
		Moscovian			Desmoinesian											307
		Moscovian			Atokan											312.7 *
		Bashkirian		315.2	Atokan
		Bashkirian		Morrowan	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Chesterian	323.2
		Visean		Chesterian	330.9
				Meramecian	335.8 *
				Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian		Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian		Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian			Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian			Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Kosovian	443.8
		Katian				Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian				Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian						453
								Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
							Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
						Dobrotivian				458.5 *
						Oretanian				459.7 *
							Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian					Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian				Arenigian				468
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Arenigian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Late Cambrian					485.4
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Middle Cambrian					497
		Guzhangian									Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian										500.5
		Wuliuan										504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Branchian					Early Cambrian	509
		Stage 3				Branchian						514
		Stage 3				Placentian						517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
																538.8