PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of the Salt Range	Ordovician of North America						Ordovician of Britain				Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Silurian Ages of Europe	Ordovician of the Baltic			Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																	Nihewanian	0.0117
		Chibanian																		0.129
		Calabrian																		0.774
		Gelasian																		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																	Yushean	2.58
		Zanclean																	Yushean	3.6
		Zanclean																	Baodean	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian																		5.333
		Tortonian																		7.246
		Tortonian																	Tunggurian	11.1
		Serravallian																	Tunggurian	11.63
		Langhian																	Shanwangian	13.82
		Burdigalian																	Shanwangian	15.98
		Burdigalian																	Xiejiaan	16.9
		Aquitanian																	Xiejiaan	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																		33.9
		Bartonian																		37.71
		Lutetian																		41.2
		Ypresian																		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																		56
		Selandian																		59.2
		Danian																		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												Lancian/Edmontonian						66
		Campanian												Judithian/Aquilan						72.1
		Santonian																		83.6
		Coniacian																		86.3
		Turonian																		89.8
		Cenomanian																		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																		100.5
		Aptian																		113
		Barremian																		121.4
		Hauterivian																		125.77
		Valanginian																		132.6
		Berriasian																		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																		145
		Kimmeridgian																		149.2
		Oxfordian																		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
		Bathonian																		165.3
		Bajocian																		168.2
		Aalenian																		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																		174.7
		Pliensbachian																		184.2
		Sinemurian																		192.9
		Hettangian																		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																		201.4
		Norian																		208.5
		Carnian																		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																		247.2
		Induan																		251.2
		Induan	Kathwai																	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Kathwai																	251.902
																				252.4 *
			Chhidru																	252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian	Chhidru																	254.14
			Kalabagh																	255 *
			Wargal																	256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian																		259.51
		Wordian																		264.28
																				265.3 *
			Amb	266.1 *
		Roadian	Amb	266.9
		Roadian		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
		Artinskian		283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
		Kasimovian		303.7
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Emsian	393.3
		Pragian		Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian		Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian			Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian					Gamachian		Rawtheyan		Pirgu	445.2
							Richmondian		Rawtheyan			446 *
									Cautleyan			448.9 *
									Pusgillian			449.3 *
								Caradoc	Streffordian		Onnian †	Vormsi	449.6 *
							Maysvillian					Vormsi	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
							Maysvillian					Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
							Edenian					Nabala			450.4 *
							Edenian			Viru		Rakvere			450.6 *
						Mohawkian	Chatfieldian								451.1 *
									Cheneyan						451.5 *
									Cheneyan			Oandu			452 *
									Burrellian			Oandu			452.7 *
		Sandbian										Keila		Idavere †	453
											Actonian †				453.2 *
							Turinian								453.7 *
												Haljala			453.9
											Marshbrookian †				Woolstonian †	454.2 *
											Longvillian †					455.2 *
												Kukruse				456.4 *
									Aurelucian							456.8 *
						Whiterockian							Canadian †			Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
											Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian						457.4 *
											Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian	Uhaku		Aluoja †			457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			Uhaku					458.4
												Lasnamagi					458.9 *
												Aseri					460.4 *
									Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			Aseri					461.3 *
										Oeland		Kunda					462.9 *
												Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
												Volkhov					Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian																467.3
								Arenig	Fennian									468.4 *
							Rangerian											469.1 *
							Rangerian					Billingen						469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian			Blackhillsian	Jeffersonian †									Cassinian †		470
														Latorp †				470.1 *
									Whitlandian									471.1 *
												Hunneberg						473.7 *
						Tulean												473.9 *
									Moridunian									474.3 *
		Tremadocian						Tremadoc	Migneintian									477.7
						Stairsian			Migneintian									480.3 *
									Cressagian									480.8 *
												Varangu						481.3 *
						Skullrockian						Varangu				Demingian †		482 *
												Pakerort						482.2 *
																		485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10																485.4
																		486.3 *
																		486.5
																				487.5