PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of the Salt Range	Ordovician of China			Central Paratethys Stages		Silurian of the Baltic	Permian Subages of Germany	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia					Carboniferous of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Miocene	Tortonian					Pannonian										7.246
				Serravallian					Sarmatian										11.63
				Serravallian					Badenian										12.8 *
				Langhian															13.82
				Burdigalian															15.98
				Aquitanian															20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
				Bartonian															37.71
				Lutetian															41.2
				Ypresian															47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian															56
				Selandian															59.2
				Danian															61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
				Campanian															72.1
				Santonian															83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian															93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
				Aptian															113
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian															125.77
				Valanginian															132.6
				Berriasian															139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
				Kimmeridgian															149.2
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Bathonian															165.3
				Bajocian															168.2
				Aalenian															170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
				Pliensbachian															184.2
				Sinemurian															192.9
				Hettangian															199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
				Norian															208.5
				Carnian															227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
				Induan															251.2
				Induan	Kathwai														251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Kathwai							Buntsandstein							251.902
																			252.4 *
					Chhidru														252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian	Chhidru														254.14
					Kalabagh														255 *
					Wargal														256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian								Ohre/Aller							259.51
				Wordian								Leine							264.28
																			265.3 *
					Amb														266.1 *
				Roadian	Amb														266.9
				Roadian															270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian															273.01
				Artinskian															283.5
				Sakmarian															290.1
				Asselian														Bursumian †	293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian														Virgilian	298.9
				Kasimovian														Missourian	303.7
Desmoinesian				Kasimovian		305.9 *
Desmoinesian				Moscovian		307
Atokan				Moscovian		312.7 *
Atokan				Bashkirian		315.2
Morrowan				Bashkirian		318.4 *
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Chesterian		323.2
			Visean	Chesterian		330.9
				Meramecian		335.8 *
				Osagean		343.1 *
			Tournaisian	Osagean		346.7
			Tournaisian	Kinderhookian		351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Emsian	393.3
			Pragian			Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian			Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli				Ohesaare		419.2
		Pridoli				Kaugetuma		421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			Kuressaare		423
			Ludfordian			Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian			Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			Rootsikula		427.4
			Homerian			Jaagarahu		429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu		430.5
			Sheinwoodian			Jaani		431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian			Jaani		433.4
			Telychian			Adavere		434 *
			Aeronian			Adavere		438.5
			Aeronian			Raikkula		439.4 *
			Rhuddanian			Raikkula		440.8
			Rhuddanian			Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Hirnantian		Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Kosovian	443.8
			Katian			Chientangkiangian			Wufeng †	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †		445.2
						Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				Kralodvorian			449.5
										Berounian			449.7 *
			Sandbian										453
													Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
											Liben †				458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo							458.4
										Dobrotivian					458.5 *
										Oretanian					459.7 *
											Sarka †				461.7 *
								Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo		Sarka †				466.3 *
			Dapingian			Dapingian					Klabava †				467.3
	Arenigian		Dapingian			Dapingian				468
	Arenigian	Early Ordovician	Floian			Yiyangian				470
	Tremadocian		Xinchangian			Tremadocian					477.7
	Tremadocian		Xinchangian			Tremadocian			Lianghekou †		477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan				485.4
		Stage 10													Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian													Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian													Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian													Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Marjumian				Albertian †	497
		Drumian									Marjumian	500.5
		Wuliuan			Topazan						504.5
		Wuliuan			Delamaran						506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Delamaran						Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4			Dyeran							511 *
		Stage 3			Dyeran							514
					Montezuman							514.8 *
					Begadean							519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †			Poundian †		538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †			Wonokan †		571.7 *
																			635