PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of the Salt Range	Ordovician of Australia	Ordovician of Britain				Precambrian of Russia	Ordovician of North America						Ordovician of China
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan																	0
				Northgrippian																	0.0042
				Greenlandian																	0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																	0.0117
				Chibanian																	0.129
				Calabrian																	0.774
				Gelasian																	1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																	2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean																	3.6
			Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
				Tortonian																	7.246
				Serravallian																	11.63
				Langhian																	13.82
				Burdigalian																	15.98
				Aquitanian																	20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian																	27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian																	33.9
				Bartonian																	37.71
				Lutetian																	41.2
				Ypresian																	47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian																	56
				Selandian																	59.2
				Danian																	61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																	66
				Campanian																	72.1
				Santonian																	83.6
				Coniacian																	86.3
				Turonian																	89.8
				Cenomanian																	93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																	100.5
				Aptian																	113
				Barremian																	121.4
				Hauterivian																	125.77
				Valanginian																	132.6
				Berriasian																	139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																	145
				Kimmeridgian																	149.2
				Oxfordian																	154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
				Bathonian																	165.3
				Bajocian																	168.2
				Aalenian																	170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																	174.7
				Pliensbachian																	184.2
				Sinemurian																	192.9
				Hettangian																	199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																	201.4
				Norian																	208.5
				Carnian																	227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian																	237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian																	242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian																	247.2
				Induan																	251.2
				Induan	Kathwai																251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Kathwai																251.902
																					252.4 *
					Chhidru																252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian	Chhidru																254.14
					Kalabagh																255 *
					Wargal																256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian																	259.51
				Wordian																	264.28
																					265.3 *
Amb					266.1 *
Amb				Roadian	266.9
				Roadian	270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
				Artinskian	283.5
				Sakmarian	290.1
				Asselian	293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
				Kasimovian	303.7
				Moscovian	307
				Bashkirian	315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
				Visean	330.9
				Tournaisian	346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf	372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian	382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian	387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian	393.3
				Pragian	Siegen	407.6
				Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
			Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
			Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
			Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
			Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
				Aeronian		438.5
				Rhuddanian		440.8
		Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Bolindian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
				Katian				Rawtheyan		Gamachian	Chientangkiangian			445.2
								Rawtheyan		Richmondian				446 *
								Cautleyan						448.9 *
						Eastonian		Cautleyan						449 *
								Pusgillian						449.3 *
								Pusgillian			Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
							Caradoc	Streffordian						Onnian †	449.6 *
										Maysvillian					Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
										Edenian						450.4 *
									Mohawkian	Chatfieldian						451.1 *
								Cheneyan								451.5 *
						Gisbornian		Cheneyan								452 *
								Burrellian								452.7 *
				Sandbian												453
														Actonian †		453.2 *
										Turinian				Actonian †		453.7 *
														Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
														Longvillian †			455.2 *
								Aurelucian									456.8 *
									Whiterockian						Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
														Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
			Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo				458.4
								Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						Guniu †/Hulo				461.3 *
													Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo				466.3 *
				Dapingian		Yapeenian						Dapingian						467.3
	Arenig					Yapeenian	Fennian	468.4 *
						Castlemainian		468.5 *
						Castlemainian		Rangerian		469.1 *
			Early Ordovician	Floian		Chewtonian		Ibexian	Blackhillsian	Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †					Yiyangian	470
						Chewtonian	Whitlandian											471.1 *
						Bendigonian												471.8 *
						Lancefieldian												473.5 *
									Tulean									473.9 *
							Moridunian											474.3 *
	Tremadocian			Tremadoc			Migneintian										Xinchangian	477.7
														Lianghekou †				477.9 *
Stairsian									480.3 *
Stairsian							Cressagian		480.8 *
Skullrockian									Demingian †			482 *
						Warendian						482.8 *
						Warendian						485 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10														485.4
			Stage 10														487.5
			Jiangshanian														489.5
			Paibian														494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian														497
			Drumian														500.5
			Wuliuan														504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4														509
		Series 2	Stage 3														514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2														521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian														529
	Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran																Vendian	538.8
			Cryogenian																	635
			Tonian																	720
			Tonian		Karatau														800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian		Karatau														1000
			Stenian		Yurmatian														1100
			Ectasian		Yurmatian														1200
			Ectasian		Burzyan														1375
			Calymmian																1400
		Paleoproterozoic	Statherian																1600
			Orosirian																1800
			Rhyacian																2050
			Siderian																2300
	Archean	Neoarchean																	2500
		Mesoarchean																	2800
		Paleoarchean																	3200
		Eoarchean																	3600
	Hadean																		4000
																					4600