PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of the Salt Range	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Cretaceous Subepochs	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		European Faunal Units	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Villanyian	Tertiary †		2.58
		Piacenzian										Ruscinian			3.1 *
		Zanclean										Ruscinian			3.6
	Miocene	Messinian										Turolian			5.333
		Tortonian										Turolian			7.246
		Tortonian										Vallesian			8.7
		Serravallian										Astaracian			11.63
		Langhian										Astaracian			13.82
		Burdigalian										Orleanian			15.98
		Burdigalian										Agenian			20
		Aquitanian										Agenian			20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian								Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian								Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian					33.9
		Bartonian								Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan					37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Ypresian									Bumbanian				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Gashatan					56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Senonian						66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							Gallic						100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian							Neocomian						125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Pliensbachian													184.2
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian													208.5
		Carnian													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
		Induan													251.2
		Induan	Kathwai												251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Kathwai												251.902
															252.4 *
			Chhidru												252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian	Chhidru											Longtanian †	254.14
			Kalabagh												255 *
			Wargal												256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian													259.51
		Wordian													264.28
															265.3 *
			Amb												266.1 *
		Roadian	Amb												266.9
		Roadian													270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian													273.01
		Artinskian		283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian		Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian			305.9
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli				Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian			Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian			Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian			Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian			Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian			Jaani	433.4
		Telychian			Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian			Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian			Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian			Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian			Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Kosovian		443.8
		Katian			Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian			Berounian			449.7 *
		Sandbian						453
								Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
							Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
					Dobrotivian					458.5 *
					Oretanian					459.7 *
							Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian					Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian			Arenigian					468
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Arenigian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Tremadocian					Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Batyrbaian	485.4
		Jiangshanian								Batyrbaian	489.5
										Aksaian	490.7 *
										Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian								Sakian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Ayusokkanian	Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian										499.5
		Drumian								Zhanaarykian		500.5
		Drumian								Tuesaian		503
		Wuliuan								Tuesaian		Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan										Stage 5 †	505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4											509
										Toyonian			510 *
										Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3								Botomian			514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian							515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian							521
															525.5