PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of the Salt Range	Silurian Ages of Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Silurian of England		Ordovician of Australia	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Cambrian Epochs
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Tertiary †									2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
			Miocene	Messinian												5.333
				Tortonian												7.246
				Serravallian												11.63
				Langhian												13.82
				Burdigalian												15.98
				Aquitanian												20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
				Bartonian												37.71
				Lutetian												41.2
				Ypresian												47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian												56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
				Kimmeridgian												149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian									Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites			168.2
				Bajocian										Humphresianum		168.4
				Aalenian									Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum			170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian									Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense		174.7
													Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons			180.1
													Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum			182
				Pliensbachian									Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni			184.2
				Sinemurian									Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi			192.9
				Hettangian									Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis			199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
				Norian												208.5
				Carnian												227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
				Induan												251.2
				Induan	Kathwai											251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Kathwai											251.902
																252.4 *
					Chhidru											252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian	Chhidru			Longtanian †								254.14
					Kalabagh											255 *
					Wargal											256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian												259.51
				Wordian												264.28
																265.3 *
					Amb											266.1 *
				Roadian	Amb											266.9
				Roadian												270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian												273.01
Artinskian				283.5
Sakmarian				290.1
Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
			Kasimovian	303.7
			Moscovian	307
			Bashkirian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian	Siegen		407.6
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle		Whitcliffe/Leintwardine			419.2
		Pridoli		Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle		Bringewood/Elton			421.3
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	Coalbrookdale		Wenlock (England)/Tickwood			423
			Gorstian						425.6
			Gorstian			Buildwas			426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian			Buildwas			Gleedonian	427.4
				Wych		Woolhope			Gleedonian	428.4 *
									Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
			Telychian							436.3 *
			Aeronian							438.5
			Aeronian	Cowleigh Park						439.3 *
			Rhuddanian	Cowleigh Park						440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Bolindian	443.8
			Katian							Bolindian	445.2
										Eastonian	449 *
										Gisbornian	452 *
			Sandbian							Gisbornian	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Darriwilian	458.4
			Dapingian							Yapeenian	467.3
			Dapingian							Castlemainian	468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian							Chewtonian	470
										Bendigonian	471.8 *
										Lancefieldian	473.5 *
			Tremadocian							Lancefieldian	477.7
			Tremadocian							Warendian	482.8 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10								Late Cambrian	485.4
			Jiangshanian									489.5
			Paibian									494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Series 3 †	Middle Cambrian	497
			Drumian										500.5
			Wuliuan					Stage 5 †					504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4									Early Cambrian	509
	Stage 3	Series 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian													720
		Tonian												Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian												Karatau	1000
		Stenian												Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian												Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian												Burzyan	1375
																1400