PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of the Salt Range	Devonian of Eastern North America		Carboniferous of China	Cretaceous Subepochs	Devonian of France	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian									0.129
		Chibanian								Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian								Castlecliffian	0.774
		Calabrian								Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian								Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian								Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Mangapanian	2.58
		Piacenzian								Waipipian	3
		Zanclean								Waipipian	3.6
		Zanclean								Opoitian	3.7
	Miocene	Messinian							Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian								Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian								Tongaporutuan	7.246
		Tortonian							Southland	Waiauan	11.04
		Serravallian								Waiauan	11.63
		Serravallian								Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian								Lillburnian	13.82
										Clifdenian	15.1
									Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian								Altonian	15.98
		Burdigalian								Otaian	18.7
		Aquitanian								Otaian	20.44
		Aquitanian							Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Waitakian	23.03
										Duntroonian	25.2
										Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
									Arnold	Runangan	34.6
										Kaiatan	36.7
		Bartonian								Kaiatan	37.71
		Bartonian								Bortonian	39.1
		Lutetian								Bortonian	41.2
									Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
										Heretaungan	45.7
		Ypresian								Heretaungan	47.8
										Mangaorapan	48.9
										Waipawan	52
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Teurian	56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Senonian		Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian								Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian								Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian							Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
										Mangaotanean	90.5
										Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian								Arowhanan	93.9
									Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
										Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Gallic			Motuan	100.5
										Urutawan	103.3
									Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian								Korangan	113
		Aptian									117.5
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian					Neocomian				125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Induan		251.2
		Induan		Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Kathwai	251.902
					252.4 *
				Chhidru	252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian		Chhidru	254.14
				Kalabagh	255 *
				Wargal	256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
					265.3 *
				Amb	266.1 *
		Roadian		Amb	266.9
		Roadian			270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Gzhelian			Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian			Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian			Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
					Huashibanian	318.5 *
					Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian			Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean			Shangsian	330.9
		Visean			Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian			Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway		Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			West Fallsian/Sonyean		Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan		Cazenovian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Southwoodian		Cazenovian	Couvinien	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Helderbergian		393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Pragian						Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian						Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							Gleedonian	427.4
	Wenlock	Homerian							Whitwellian	429.7 *
											430.5