PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of the Salt Range	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian of China		Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian Epochs	European Faunal Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Cenozoic 6						0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Late Pleistocene			0.0117
		Chibanian						Middle Pleistocene			0.129
		Calabrian						Early Pleistocene			0.774
		Gelasian						Early Pleistocene			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Late Pliocene		Villanyian	2.58
		Piacenzian						Late Pliocene		Ruscinian	3.1 *
		Zanclean						Early Pliocene		Ruscinian	3.6
	Miocene	Messinian						Late Miocene		Turolian	5.333
		Tortonian								Turolian	7.246
		Tortonian								Vallesian	8.7
		Serravallian			Cenozoic 5			Middle Miocene		Astaracian	11.63
		Langhian						Middle Miocene		Astaracian	13.82
		Burdigalian						Early Miocene		Orleanian	15.98
		Burdigalian								Agenian	20
		Aquitanian								Agenian	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Cenozoic 4			Late Oligocene			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian			Cenozoic 4			Early Oligocene			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian			Cenozoic 3			Late Eocene			33.9
		Bartonian			Cenozoic 3			Middle Eocene			37.71
		Lutetian			Cenozoic 2			Middle Eocene			41.2
		Ypresian			Cenozoic 2			Early Eocene			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Cenozoic 1			Late Paleocene			56
		Selandian						Middle Paleocene			59.2
		Danian						Early Paleocene			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Cretaceous 8						66
		Campanian			Cretaceous 7						72.1
		Santonian			Cretaceous 6						83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian			Cretaceous 5						93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Cretaceous 4						100.5
		Aptian			Cretaceous 3						113
		Barremian			Cretaceous 2						121.4
		Hauterivian			Cretaceous 2						125.77
		Valanginian			Cretaceous 1						132.6
		Berriasian			Cretaceous 1						139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Jurassic 6						145
		Kimmeridgian			Jurassic 5						149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian			Jurassic 4						165.3
		Bajocian			Jurassic 4						168.2
		Aalenian			Jurassic 3						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Jurassic 3						174.7
		Pliensbachian			Jurassic 2						184.2
		Sinemurian			Jurassic 1						192.9
		Hettangian			Jurassic 1						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Triassic 4						201.4
		Norian			Triassic 4						208.5
		Carnian			Triassic 3						227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Triassic 2						237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			Triassic 2						242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Triassic 1						247.2
		Induan									251.2
		Induan	Kathwai								251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Kathwai		Permian 4						251.902
											252.4 *
			Chhidru								252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian	Chhidru								254.14
			Kalabagh								255 *
			Wargal								256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian		264.28
				265.3 *
			Amb	266.1 *
		Roadian	Amb	Permian 3	266.9
		Roadian		Permian 3	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2	273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian		Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Mapingian †	Carboniferous 5	298.9
		Kasimovian		Mapingian †		303.7
		Kasimovian				305.9
		Moscovian			Carboniferous 4	307
		Bashkirian			Carboniferous 4	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Carboniferous 3	323.2
		Visean			Carboniferous 2	330.9
		Tournaisian			Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Devonian 5	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			Devonian 4	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Devonian 3	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian			Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian			Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Silurian 2	419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian			Ordovician 5	445.2
		Sandbian			Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Ordovician 3	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			Ordovician 2	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Ordovician 2	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Ordovician 1	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Cambrian 5	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Late Cambrian	485.4
		Jiangshanian				Jiangshanian			489.5
		Paibian				Paibian			494
		Paibian				Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian		494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Cambrian 4	Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Middle Cambrian	497
		Drumian			Cambrian 4	Drumian	Wangcunian †		500.5
		Wuliuan			Cambrian 3	Wuliuan/Taijangian			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Cambrian 3	Duyunian		Early Cambrian	509
	Series 2	Stage 3			Cambrian 2	Nangaoian			514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Cambrian 2	Meishucunian			521
		Fortunian			Cambrian 1	Meishucunian			529
		Fortunian			Cambrian 1	Jinnigian			530.7
											538.8