PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of the Salt Range	Carboniferous of China	Precambrian of Russia	Ordovician of the Baltic				Mesozoic Subages
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		66
				Campanian								Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		72.1
				Santonian								Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		83.6
				Coniacian								Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian		86.3
				Turonian								Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian		89.8
				Cenomanian								Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian								Late Albian		100.5
												Middle Albian		106.2 *
												Early Albian		109.9 *
				Aptian								Late Aptian		113
				Aptian								Early Aptian		119.5 *
				Barremian								Late Barremian/Early Barremian		121.4
				Hauterivian								Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		125.77
				Valanginian								Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		132.6
				Berriasian								Late Berriasian		139.8
												Middle Berriasian		140.6 *
												Early Berriasian		142.7 *
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	145
				Tithonian								Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	146.3 *
				Kimmeridgian								Late Kimmeridgian		149.2
				Kimmeridgian								Early Kimmeridgian		152.2 *
				Oxfordian								Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
				Oxfordian									Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian								Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
				Bathonian								Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
				Bajocian								Late Bajocian		168.2
				Bajocian								Early Bajocian		168.6 *
				Aalenian								Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian								Late Toarcian		174.7
												Middle Toarcian		180.4 *
												Early Toarcian		182.9 *
				Pliensbachian								Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		184.2
				Sinemurian								Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		192.9
				Hettangian								Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
				Norian								Sevatian		208.5
												Alaunian		213.2 *
												Lacian		216.7 *
				Carnian								Tuvalian		227
				Carnian								Julian		233.4 *
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian								Longobardian		237
				Ladinian								Fassanian		239.7 *
				Anisian								Illyrian		242
												Pelsonian		243.8 *
												Bithynian		244.7 *
												Aegean		245.5 *
			Early Triassic	Olenekian								Spathian		247.2
				Olenekian								Smithian		248.9 *
				Induan								Dienerian		251.2
												Griesbachian		251.4 *
					Kathwai							Griesbachian		251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Kathwai									251.902
														252.4 *
					Chhidru									252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian	Chhidru									254.14
					Kalabagh									255 *
					Wargal									256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian										259.51
				Wordian										264.28
														265.3 *
					Amb									266.1 *
				Roadian	Amb									266.9
				Roadian										270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian										273.01
Artinskian				283.5
Sakmarian				290.1
Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
			Gzhelian	Xiaodushanian		300 *
			Kasimovian	Xiaodushanian		303.7
			Kasimovian	Dalaun		305.8 *
			Moscovian			307
			Bashkirian			315.2
				Huashibanian		318.5 *
				Lousuan		321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Dewunian		323.2
			Serpukhovian	Shangsian		330.8 *
			Visean	Shangsian		330.9
			Visean	Jiusian		335 *
			Tournaisian	Tangbagouan		346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian				Pirgu	445.2
							Vormsi	449.6 *
							Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
						Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
							Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian				Keila	Idavere †	453
							Haljala		453.9
							Kukruse		456.4 *
							Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Uhaku		458.4
							Lasnamagi		458.9 *
							Aseri		460.4 *
						Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
							Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
							Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian				Volkhov			467.3
			Dapingian				Billingen			469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian							470
								Latorp †		470.1 *
	Hunneberg						473.7 *
	Hunneberg		Tremadocian				477.7
	Varangu						481.3 *
	Pakerort						482.2 *
Cambrian	Pakerort	Furongian	Stage 10					485.4
								486.3 *
								486.5
			Jiangshanian					489.5
			Paibian					494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian					497
			Drumian					500.5
			Wuliuan		504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4		509
		Series 2	Stage 3		514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2		521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian		529
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian	538.8
			Cryogenian								635
			Tonian								720
			Tonian							Karatau	800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian							Karatau	1000
			Stenian							Yurmatian	1100
			Ectasian							Yurmatian	1200
			Ectasian							Burzyan	1375
														1400