PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127083 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of the Salt Range	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Carboniferous of China	Ordovician of North America						Cenozoic Subepochs	Precambrian of Russia	Cambrian of North America		Ten Million Year Bins	Silurian of England
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan															Cenozoic 6			0
				Northgrippian																		0.0042
				Greenlandian																		0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Late Pleistocene							0.0117
				Chibanian											Middle Pleistocene							0.129
				Calabrian											Early Pleistocene							0.774
				Gelasian											Early Pleistocene							1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Late Pliocene							2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean											Early Pliocene							3.6
			Miocene	Messinian											Late Miocene							5.333
				Tortonian											Late Miocene							7.246
				Serravallian											Middle Miocene				Cenozoic 5			11.63
				Langhian											Middle Miocene							13.82
				Burdigalian											Early Miocene							15.98
				Aquitanian											Early Miocene							20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											Late Oligocene				Cenozoic 4			23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian											Early Oligocene				Cenozoic 4			27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian											Late Eocene				Cenozoic 3			33.9
				Bartonian											Middle Eocene				Cenozoic 3			37.71
				Lutetian											Middle Eocene				Cenozoic 2			41.2
				Ypresian											Early Eocene				Cenozoic 2			47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian											Late Paleocene				Cenozoic 1			56
				Selandian											Middle Paleocene							59.2
				Danian											Early Paleocene							61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															Cretaceous 8			66
				Campanian															Cretaceous 7			72.1
				Santonian															Cretaceous 6			83.6
				Coniacian																		86.3
				Turonian																		89.8
				Cenomanian															Cretaceous 5			93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian															Cretaceous 4			100.5
				Aptian															Cretaceous 3			113
				Barremian															Cretaceous 2			121.4
				Hauterivian															Cretaceous 2			125.77
				Valanginian															Cretaceous 1			132.6
				Berriasian															Cretaceous 1			139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															Jurassic 6			145
				Kimmeridgian															Jurassic 5			149.2
				Oxfordian																		154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
				Bathonian															Jurassic 4			165.3
				Bajocian															Jurassic 4			168.2
				Aalenian															Jurassic 3			170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian															Jurassic 3			174.7
				Pliensbachian															Jurassic 2			184.2
				Sinemurian															Jurassic 1			192.9
				Hettangian															Jurassic 1			199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															Triassic 4			201.4
				Norian															Triassic 4			208.5
				Carnian															Triassic 3			227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian															Triassic 2			237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian															Triassic 2			242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian															Triassic 1			247.2
				Induan																		251.2
				Induan	Kathwai																	251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Kathwai														Permian 4			251.902
																						252.4 *
					Chhidru																	252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian	Chhidru																	254.14
					Kalabagh																	255 *
					Wargal																	256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian																		259.51
				Wordian																		264.28
																						265.3 *
Amb					266.1 *
Amb				Roadian	Permian 3	266.9
				Roadian	Permian 3	270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2	273.01
				Artinskian		283.5
				Sakmarian		290.1
				Asselian	Permian 1	293.52
				Asselian	Permian 1	Kuzel	297.7
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5		298.9
							Xiaodushanian	300 *
						Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
								Stephanian B	300.9 *
								Stephanian A	301.4 *
				Kasimovian				Stephanian A	303.7
								Cantabrian	305 *
							Dalaun		305.8 *
				Moscovian	Carboniferous 4				307
						Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
								Westphalian C	309.8
								Westphalian B	314.6
				Bashkirian				Westphalian B	315.2
								Westphalian A	317 *
							Huashibanian	Westphalian A	318.5 *
						Namurian		Yeadonian	318.8 *
								Marsdenian	320.2 *
							Lousuan	Marsdenian	321.2 *
								Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
								Alportian	322 *
								Chokierian	323.1 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Dewunian		Carboniferous 3	Chokierian	323.2
								Arnsbergian	324 *
								Pendleian	327.4 *
					Shangsian			Pendleian	330.8 *
				Visean	Shangsian	Warnantian	Brigantian †	Carboniferous 2	330.9
					Jiusian	Warnantian	Brigantian †		335 *
						Livian	Asbian †		336.3 *
						Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
				Tournaisian	Ivorian		Tangbagouan	Carboniferous 1	346.7
				Tournaisian	Hastarian		Tangbagouan	Carboniferous 1	353.7 *
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Devonian 5	358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian				Devonian 4	372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian				Devonian 3	382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Devonian 3	387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian				Devonian 2	393.3
				Pragian				Devonian 1	407.6
				Lochkovian				Devonian 1	410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli					Silurian 2	Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
			Pridoli						Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
			Ludlow	Ludfordian					Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
				Gorstian							425.6
				Gorstian						Buildwas	426.4 *
			Wenlock	Homerian						Buildwas	427.4
				Homerian					Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
				Sheinwoodian							430.5
			Llandovery	Telychian				Silurian 1			433.4
				Telychian						436.3 *
				Aeronian						438.5
				Aeronian					Cowleigh Park	439.3 *
				Rhuddanian					Cowleigh Park	440.8
		Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Ordovician 5		Kosovian	443.8
				Katian					Gamachian			Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
									Richmondian			Kralodvorian		446 *
									Richmondian			Berounian		449.7 *
									Maysvillian					Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
									Edenian						450.4 *
								Mohawkian	Chatfieldian						451.1 *
Sandbian				Ordovician 4					Chatfieldian	453
									Turinian	453.7 *
									Turinian	Zahorany †/Vinice					Letna †	456.2 *
								Whiterockian		Zahorany †/Vinice				Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
										Liben †							458 *
Middle Ordovician			Darriwilian	Ordovician 3													458.4
												Dobrotivian					458.5 *
												Oretanian					459.7 *
										Sarka †							461.7 *
			Dapingian	Ordovician 2						Klabava †							467.3
												Arenigian					468
									Rangerian								469.1 *
Early Ordovician			Floian					Ibexian	Blackhillsian							Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
			Floian						Tulean									473.9 *
			Tremadocian	Ordovician 1					Tulean	Tremadocian								477.7
									Stairsian									480.3 *
									Skullrockian								Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10						Skullrockian							Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Cambrian 5		485.4
			Stage 10																Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian																Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian																Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian																Steptoean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian													Marjumian	Albertian †		Cambrian 4	497
			Drumian													Marjumian			Cambrian 4	500.5
			Wuliuan													Topazan			Cambrian 3	504.5
			Wuliuan													Delamaran				506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4													Delamaran	Waucoban †			509
			Stage 4													Dyeran				511 *
			Stage 3													Dyeran			Cambrian 2	514
																Montezuman				514.8 *
																Begadean				519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2																	521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian																Cambrian 1	529
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran																Vendian		538.8
			Cryogenian																		635
			Tonian			720
			Tonian			Karatau													800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian		1000	Karatau
			Stenian		Yurmatian	1100
			Ectasian		Yurmatian	1200
			Ectasian		Burzyan	1375
																						1400