PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of the Salt Range	Mesozoic Subages		Ordovician of China			Permian of the Russian Platform			Cambrian of North America
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian		Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian										72.1
		Santonian		Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian		Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian		Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian		Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Late Albian										100.5
				Middle Albian										106.2 *
				Early Albian										109.9 *
		Aptian		Late Aptian										113
		Aptian		Early Aptian										119.5 *
		Barremian		Late Barremian/Early Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian		Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian		Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian		Late Berriasian										139.8
				Middle Berriasian										140.6 *
				Early Berriasian										142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian									145
		Tithonian		Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian									146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian		Late Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian										152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian									154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian									157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian										168.2
		Bajocian		Early Bajocian										168.6 *
		Aalenian		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian										174.7
				Middle Toarcian										180.4 *
				Early Toarcian										182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian										184.2
		Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian		Sevatian										208.5
				Alaunian										213.2 *
				Lacian										216.7 *
		Carnian		Tuvalian										227
		Carnian		Julian										233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian										237
		Ladinian		Fassanian										239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian										242
				Pelsonian										243.8 *
				Bithynian										244.7 *
				Aegean										245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian										247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian										248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian										251.2
				Griesbachian										251.4 *
			Kathwai	Griesbachian										251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Kathwai											251.902
														252.4 *
			Chhidru											252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian	Chhidru											254.14
			Kalabagh											255 *
			Wargal											256 *
									Tatarian	Vyatkian				256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								Severodvinian				259.51
		Wordian								Urzhumian				264.28
														265.3 *
			Amb											266.1 *
		Roadian	Amb						Kazanian	Povolzhian				266.9
		Roadian							Kazanian	Sokian				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
							Filipovian	276.5 *
							Saraninian	280.1 *
		Artinskian				Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
							Irginian	285.9 *
							Burtsevian	287.8 *
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian				Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
							Uskalykian	294.8
							Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Cayugan			419.2
	Pridoli				Niagaran			422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
									Alexandrian	438.7 *
					Medinan			Clinton		440.1 *
										440.7 *
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Hirnantian				Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian			Chientangkiangian					Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian			Neichianshanian/Hanjiang						449.5
		Sandbian			Neichianshanian/Hanjiang						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian				Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian			Darriwilian				Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian			Dapingian						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Yiyangian						470
		Tremadocian			Xinchangian						477.7
		Tremadocian			Xinchangian					Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10										Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian										Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian										Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian		494								Steptoean
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Marjumian							Albertian †	497
		Drumian		Marjumian								500.5
		Wuliuan		Topazan								504.5
		Wuliuan		Delamaran								506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Delamaran							Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4		Dyeran								511 *
		Stage 3		Dyeran								514
				Montezuman								514.8 *
				Begadean								519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
														538.8