PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of the Salt Range	Mesozoic Subages		Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Silurian Ages of Europe	Carboniferous Subepochs	Ordovician of Britain				Ordovician of Australia
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian		Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian										72.1
		Santonian		Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian		Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian		Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian		Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Late Albian										100.5
				Middle Albian										106.2 *
				Early Albian										109.9 *
		Aptian		Late Aptian										113
		Aptian		Early Aptian										119.5 *
		Barremian		Late Barremian/Early Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian		Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian		Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian		Late Berriasian										139.8
				Middle Berriasian										140.6 *
				Early Berriasian										142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian									145
		Tithonian		Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian									146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian		Late Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian										152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian									154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian									157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian										168.2
		Bajocian		Early Bajocian										168.6 *
		Aalenian		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian										174.7
				Middle Toarcian										180.4 *
				Early Toarcian										182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian										184.2
		Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian		Sevatian										208.5
				Alaunian										213.2 *
				Lacian										216.7 *
		Carnian		Tuvalian										227
		Carnian		Julian										233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian										237
		Ladinian		Fassanian										239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian										242
				Pelsonian										243.8 *
				Bithynian										244.7 *
				Aegean										245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian										247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian										248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian										251.2
				Griesbachian										251.4 *
			Kathwai	Griesbachian										251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Kathwai											251.902
														252.4 *
			Chhidru											252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian	Chhidru											254.14
			Kalabagh											255 *
			Wargal											256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian												259.51
		Wordian												264.28
														265.3 *
			Amb											266.1 *
		Roadian	Amb											266.9
		Roadian												270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian												273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Mapingian †	Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian				Mapingian †		303.7
		Kasimovian						305.9
		Moscovian					Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian					Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean					Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian					Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian						Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Ashgill	Hirnantian	Bolindian	443.8
		Katian							Rawtheyan		445.2
									Cautleyan		448.9 *
									Cautleyan	Eastonian	449 *
									Pusgillian		449.3 *
								Caradoc	Streffordian		Onnian †	449.6 *
									Cheneyan			451.5 *
									Cheneyan	Gisbornian		452 *
									Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian										453
											Actonian †	453.2 *
											Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
											Longvillian †		455.2 *
									Aurelucian		Longvillian †		456.8 *
									Aurelucian		Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn		Darriwilian		458.4
		Darriwilian							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		Darriwilian		461.3 *
		Dapingian							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		Yapeenian		467.3
								Arenig	Fennian		Yapeenian		468.4 *
											Castlemainian		468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian									Chewtonian		470
									Whitlandian		Chewtonian		471.1 *
											Bendigonian		471.8 *
											Lancefieldian		473.5 *
				Moridunian					474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadoc				Migneintian	477.7
								Cressagian	480.8 *
								Cressagian	Warendian		482.8 *
									Warendian		485 *
														485.4