PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of Western Europe	Cambrian Epochs	Precambrian of Russia	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cretaceous Subepochs	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Cambrian of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Wanganui	Haweran				0
				Northgrippian									0.0042
				Greenlandian									0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
				Chibanian									0.129
				Chibanian					Castlecliffian				0.34
				Calabrian					Castlecliffian				0.774
				Calabrian					Nukumaruan				1.63
				Gelasian					Nukumaruan				1.8
				Gelasian					Mangapanian				2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Mangapanian				2.58
				Piacenzian					Waipipian				3
				Zanclean					Waipipian				3.6
				Zanclean					Opoitian				3.7
			Miocene	Messinian				Taranaki	Kapitean				5.333
				Messinian					Tongaporutuan				7.2
				Tortonian					Tongaporutuan				7.246
				Tortonian				Southland	Waiauan				11.04
				Serravallian					Waiauan				11.63
				Serravallian					Lillburnian				13.05
				Langhian					Lillburnian				13.82
									Clifdenian				15.1
								Pareora	Altonian				15.9
				Burdigalian					Altonian				15.98
				Burdigalian					Otaian				18.7
				Aquitanian					Otaian				20.44
				Aquitanian				Landon	Waitakian				21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Waitakian				23.03
									Duntroonian				25.2
									Whaingaroan				27.3
				Rupelian									27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
								Arnold	Runangan				34.6
									Kaiatan				36.7
				Bartonian					Kaiatan				37.71
				Bartonian					Bortonian				39.1
				Lutetian					Bortonian				41.2
								Dannevirke	Porangan				42.6
									Heretaungan				45.7
				Ypresian					Heretaungan				47.8
									Mangaorapan				48.9
									Waipawan				52
			Paleocene	Thanetian					Teurian				56
				Selandian									59.2
				Danian									61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Mata	Haumurian	Senonian			66
				Campanian					Haumurian				72.1
				Santonian					Piripauan				83.6
				Santonian				Raukumara	Teratan				86.1
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
									Mangaotanean				90.5
									Arowhanan				93.7
				Cenomanian					Arowhanan				93.9
								Clarence	Ngaterian				95.2
									Motuan				99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian					Motuan	Gallic			100.5
									Urutawan				103.3
								Taitai	Korangan				108.4
				Aptian					Korangan				113
				Aptian									117.5
				Barremian									121.4
				Hauterivian						Neocomian			125.77
				Valanginian									132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
			Kimmeridgian			149.2
			Oxfordian			154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
			Bathonian			165.3
			Bajocian			168.2
			Aalenian			170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
			Pliensbachian			184.2
			Sinemurian			192.9
			Hettangian			199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
			Norian			208.5
			Carnian			227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Zechstein	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian			Rotliegendes	259.51
			Wordian				264.28
			Roadian				266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
			Artinskian			Autunian	283.5
			Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian				293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
			Kasimovian				303.7
			Moscovian				307
			Bashkirian				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
			Visean				330.9
			Tournaisian				346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Srbsko	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Chotec	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
			Pragian				Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian				Lochkovian	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
			Katian					445.2
			Sandbian					453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian					470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Late Cambrian		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10								Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian								Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian						Steptoean		493 *
			Paibian						Steptoean		494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Middle Cambrian	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
			Drumian						Marjumian		500.5
			Wuliuan						Topazan		504.5
			Wuliuan	Delamaran	506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Delamaran	Early Cambrian			Waucoban †	509
			Stage 4	Dyeran					511 *
			Stage 3	Dyeran					514
				Montezuman					514.8 *
				Begadean					519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian			538.8
		Cryogenian									635
		Tonian									720
		Tonian						Karatau			800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian						Karatau			1000
		Stenian						Yurmatian			1100
		Ectasian						Yurmatian			1200
		Ectasian						Burzyan			1375
													1400