PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of Western Europe	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cambrian Epochs	Cenozoic Subepochs	Devonian of Germany
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Late Pleistocene		0.0117
		Chibanian					Middle Pleistocene		0.129
		Calabrian					Early Pleistocene		0.774
		Gelasian					Early Pleistocene		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Late Pliocene		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean					Early Pliocene		3.6
	Miocene	Messinian					Late Miocene		5.333
		Tortonian					Late Miocene		7.246
		Serravallian					Middle Miocene		11.63
		Langhian					Middle Miocene		13.82
		Burdigalian					Early Miocene		15.98
		Aquitanian					Early Miocene		20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Late Oligocene		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian					Early Oligocene		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian					Late Eocene		33.9
		Bartonian					Middle Eocene		37.71
		Lutetian					Middle Eocene		41.2
		Ypresian					Early Eocene		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Late Paleocene		56
		Selandian					Middle Paleocene		59.2
		Danian					Early Paleocene		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							66
		Campanian							72.1
		Santonian							83.6
		Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian							89.8
		Cenomanian							93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							100.5
		Aptian							113
		Barremian							121.4
		Hauterivian							125.77
		Valanginian							132.6
		Berriasian							139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Oteke	Puaroan				145
		Kimmeridgian		Oteke	Puaroan				149.2
				Kawhia	Ohauan				150
					Heterian				154.5
		Oxfordian							154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
		Callovian			Temaikan				164.3
		Bathonian							165.3
		Bajocian							168.2
		Aalenian							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							174.7
		Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan				176
		Pliensbachian			Ururoan				184.2
		Pliensbachian			Aratauran				188.9
		Sinemurian							192.9
		Hettangian							199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour	Otapirian				201.4
		Norian			Warepan				208.5
					Otamitan				217
					Oretian				221
		Carnian			Oretian				227
		Carnian		Gore	Kaihikuan				227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan				237
		Ladinian			Etalian				238
		Anisian			Etalian				242
		Anisian			Malakovian				246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Malakovian				247.2
		Olenekian			Nelsonian				249
		Induan			Nelsonian				251.2
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan				251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Makarewan				251.902
		Changhsingian	Waiitian		253.2
		Wuchiapingian	Waiitian		Zechstein	254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Puruhauan		Zechstein	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Rotliegendes	Aparima	Flettian	259.51
		Wordian			Flettian	264.28
		Wordian			Barettian	266
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Kungurian			Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian	Autunian		Mangapirian	283.5
					Telfordian	285
						288.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Emsian	393.3
		Pragian				Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian				Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Late Cambrian	485.4
		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Middle Cambrian	497
		Drumian						500.5
		Wuliuan						504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Early Cambrian	509
	Series 2	Stage 3						514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
									538.8