PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of Western Europe	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cretaceous Subepochs	Carboniferous Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Wanganui	Haweran			0
		Northgrippian						0.0042
		Greenlandian						0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						0.0117
		Chibanian						0.129
		Chibanian			Castlecliffian			0.34
		Calabrian			Castlecliffian			0.774
		Calabrian			Nukumaruan			1.63
		Gelasian			Nukumaruan			1.8
		Gelasian			Mangapanian			2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Mangapanian			2.58
		Piacenzian			Waipipian			3
		Zanclean			Waipipian			3.6
		Zanclean			Opoitian			3.7
	Miocene	Messinian		Taranaki	Kapitean			5.333
		Messinian			Tongaporutuan			7.2
		Tortonian			Tongaporutuan			7.246
		Tortonian		Southland	Waiauan			11.04
		Serravallian			Waiauan			11.63
		Serravallian			Lillburnian			13.05
		Langhian			Lillburnian			13.82
					Clifdenian			15.1
				Pareora	Altonian			15.9
		Burdigalian			Altonian			15.98
		Burdigalian			Otaian			18.7
		Aquitanian			Otaian			20.44
		Aquitanian		Landon	Waitakian			21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Waitakian			23.03
					Duntroonian			25.2
					Whaingaroan			27.3
		Rupelian						27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian						33.9
				Arnold	Runangan			34.6
					Kaiatan			36.7
		Bartonian			Kaiatan			37.71
		Bartonian			Bortonian			39.1
		Lutetian			Bortonian			41.2
				Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
					Heretaungan			45.7
		Ypresian			Heretaungan			47.8
					Mangaorapan			48.9
					Waipawan			52
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Teurian			56
		Selandian						59.2
		Danian						61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian	Senonian		66
		Campanian			Haumurian			72.1
		Santonian			Piripauan			83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
		Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian						89.8
					Mangaotanean			90.5
					Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian			Arowhanan			93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
					Motuan			99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan	Gallic		100.5
					Urutawan			103.3
				Taitai	Korangan			108.4
		Aptian			Korangan			113
		Aptian						117.5
		Barremian						121.4
		Hauterivian				Neocomian		125.77
		Valanginian						132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
		Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
		Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian				208.5
		Carnian				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Zechstein	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian					264.28
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Artinskian				Autunian	283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian					Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian					Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian					Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean					Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian					Early Mississippian	346.7
								358.9