PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

This timescale is used in the definition of 126764 collections

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of Western Europe	Carboniferous Subepochs	Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Nihewanian	0.0117
		Chibanian				0.129
		Calabrian				0.774
		Gelasian				1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Yushean	2.58
		Zanclean			Yushean	3.6
		Zanclean			Baodean	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian				5.333
		Tortonian				7.246
		Tortonian			Tunggurian	11.1
		Serravallian			Tunggurian	11.63
		Langhian			Shanwangian	13.82
		Burdigalian			Shanwangian	15.98
		Burdigalian			Xiejiaan	16.9
		Aquitanian			Xiejiaan	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				33.9
		Bartonian				37.71
		Lutetian				41.2
		Ypresian				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian				56
		Selandian				59.2
		Danian				61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				66
		Campanian				72.1
		Santonian				83.6
		Coniacian				86.3
		Turonian				89.8
		Cenomanian				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				100.5
		Aptian				113
		Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
		Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
		Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian				208.5
		Carnian				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Zechstein			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Rotliegendes			259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian	Autunian			283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Late Pennsylvanian		298.9
		Kasimovian		Late Pennsylvanian		303.7
		Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian		307
		Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Late Mississippian		323.2
		Visean		Middle Mississippian		330.9
		Tournaisian		Early Mississippian		346.7
						358.9