PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of Western Europe	Precambrian of Russia	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Silurian of the Baltic	Ordovician of the Baltic			Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Carboniferous of North America	Devonian of Germany
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian			23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian										Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian			27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian										Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian				33.9
				Bartonian										Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan				37.71
				Lutetian														41.2
				Ypresian											Bumbanian			47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian										Gashatan				56
				Selandian														59.2
				Danian														61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Lancian/Edmontonian											66
				Campanian			Judithian/Aquilan											72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
				Kimmeridgian														149.2
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Pliensbachian														184.2
				Sinemurian														192.9
				Hettangian														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
				Norian														208.5
				Carnian														227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian														251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Zechstein													254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Rotliegendes													259.51
				Wordian														264.28
				Roadian														266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian														273.01
				Artinskian	Autunian													283.5
				Sakmarian														290.1
				Asselian												Bursumian †		293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian												Virgilian		298.9
				Kasimovian												Missourian		303.7
				Kasimovian												Desmoinesian		305.9 *
				Moscovian												Desmoinesian		307
				Moscovian												Atokan		312.7 *
				Bashkirian												Atokan		315.2
				Bashkirian												Morrowan		318.4 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian												Chesterian		323.2
				Visean												Chesterian		330.9
																Meramecian		335.8 *
																Osagean		343.1 *
				Tournaisian												Osagean		346.7
				Tournaisian												Kinderhookian		351.9 *
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian													Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian													Adorf	372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian													Givetian	382.7
Eifelian			Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
Early Devonian			Emsian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian	Siegen		407.6
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Ohesaare				419.2
		Pridoli		Kaugetuma				421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare				423
			Ludfordian	Paadla				423.4 *
			Gorstian	Paadla				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula				427.4
			Homerian	Jaagarahu				429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu			430.5
			Sheinwoodian	Jaani			431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani			433.4
			Telychian	Adavere			434 *
			Aeronian	Adavere			438.5
			Aeronian	Raikkula			439.4 *
			Rhuddanian	Raikkula			440.8
			Rhuddanian	Juuru			441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian					Pirgu	445.2
								Vormsi	449.6 *
								Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
							Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
								Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian					Keila	Idavere †	453
								Haljala		453.9
								Kukruse		456.4 *
								Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Uhaku		458.4
								Lasnamagi		458.9 *
								Aseri		460.4 *
							Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
								Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
								Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian					Volkhov			467.3
			Dapingian					Billingen			469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian								470
									Latorp †		470.1 *
	Hunneberg							473.7 *
	Hunneberg		Tremadocian					477.7
	Varangu							481.3 *
	Pakerort							482.2 *
Cambrian	Pakerort	Furongian	Stage 10						Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan		485.4
											486.3 *
											486.5
											Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian								Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian		Steptoean						493 *
			Paibian		Steptoean						494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Marjumian				Albertian †		497
			Drumian		Marjumian						500.5
			Wuliuan		Topazan						504.5
			Wuliuan		Delamaran						506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4		Delamaran				Waucoban †		509
			Stage 4		Dyeran						511 *
			Stage 3		Dyeran						514
					Montezuman						514.8 *
					Begadean						519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian	Vendian †	Poundian †		538.8
			Ediacaran								Vendian	Vendian †	Wonokan †		571.7 *
			Cryogenian												635
			Tonian												720
			Tonian								Karatau				800
		Mesoproterozoic	Stenian								Karatau				1000
			Stenian								Yurmatian				1100
			Ectasian			1200					Yurmatian
			Ectasian			Burzyan					1375
																		1400