PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of Western Europe	Cretaceous Subepochs	Ordovician of China			Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cenozoic Subepochs	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Late Pleistocene					0.0117
		Chibanian							Middle Pleistocene					0.129
		Calabrian							Early Pleistocene					0.774
		Gelasian							Early Pleistocene					1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Late Pliocene					2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean							Early Pliocene					3.6
	Miocene	Messinian							Late Miocene					5.333
		Tortonian							Late Miocene					7.246
		Serravallian							Middle Miocene					11.63
		Langhian							Middle Miocene					13.82
		Burdigalian							Early Miocene					15.98
		Aquitanian							Early Miocene					20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Late Oligocene	MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian							Early Oligocene	MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25	Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian							Late Eocene	MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		33.9
		Bartonian							Middle Eocene	MP 16		Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		37.71
		Lutetian							Middle Eocene	MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11				41.2
		Ypresian							Early Eocene	MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7			Bumbanian	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Late Paleocene	MP 6	MP 1 - 5	Gashatan		56
		Selandian							Middle Paleocene					59.2
		Danian							Early Paleocene					61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Senonian										66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Gallic										100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian		Neocomian										125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Melekhovian						251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Zechstein											254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Rotliegendes											259.51
		Wordian												264.28
		Wordian						Noginskian						264.9 *
		Roadian												266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian												273.01
		Kungurian						Pavlovoposadian						276.8 *
		Artinskian	Autunian					Pavlovoposadian						283.5
		Artinskian						Rusavkinian						287.6 *
		Sakmarian												290.1
		Asselian												293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian												298.9
		Kasimovian			Dorogomilovian	303.7
					Khamovnikian	304.8
					Krevyakinian	305.8 *
		Moscovian			Myachkovian	307
					Podolskian	308.9 *
					Kashirian	311.4 *
					Vereian	313.8
					Melekessian	314.8
		Bashkirian			Melekessian	315.2
					Cheremshanian	316.9 *
					Prikamian	318.6 *
					Severokeltmian	319.9 *
					Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
					Voznesenian	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Zapaltjubian	323.2
					Protvian	324.4 *
					Steshevian	326.8 *
					Tarusian	329 *
		Visean			Venevian	330.9
					Mikhailovian	331.9 *
					Aleksinian	333.7 *
					Tulian	335.8 *
					Bobrikian	339.9 *
					Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian			Kosvian	346.7
					Kizelian	350.7 *
					Cherepetian	351.9 *
					Karakubian	354.4 *
					Upinian	356.3 *
					Malevkian	357.6 *
					Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Hirnantian		Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian		Chientangkiangian			Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian		Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				449.5
		Sandbian		Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian		Darriwilian		Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian		Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Yiyangian				470
		Tremadocian		Xinchangian				477.7
		Tremadocian		Xinchangian			Lianghekou †	477.9 *
														485.4